AC 121 - Byzantium, silver, drachms (357-340 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 7654


357 BCE - 340 BCE Silver 11,812 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: ΠY (Greek).Cow passing to the left, placed on a dolphin turned to the left. Monogram in the lower left field, under the raised paw.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: Hollow square divided into four granular compartments decorated with four globules, one in each compartment.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Byzantium Ancient regionAncient region.: Thrace Modern countryModern country: Turkey AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 357 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 340 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 3.60 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: drachma Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
AC121 Byzantium.jpeg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Schönert-Geiss 19701Schönert-Geiss 1970, n° 712-749
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: RQEMAC2RQEMAC, n° 121



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 29 87.88 29 74.36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
2 2 6.06 4 10.26 5, 16
3 2 6.06 6 15.38 8, 33
Total 33 of 33 100 39 of 39 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 33 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  29
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 38 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 39
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 1.18 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.03
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.15 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  87.88 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  164.05 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  3,281,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 214.5 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00001
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 25.64% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  475.46
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  11,812 kg <br /> 11,812 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  1,188.66
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Schönert-Geiss, Edith (1970), Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil 1: Autonome Zeit, Berlin.
  2. ^  Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.