AC 45 - Gela, silver, tetradrachms (480-470 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 7816


480 BCE - 470 BCE Silver 6,100 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Charioteer driving quadriga moving slowly to the right, above, Nike flying right to crown the horses
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: CEΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart of man-headed bull right
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Gela Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 480 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 470 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 17.35 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetradrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Attic
Image
AC 45 - Gela, silver, tetradrachm, 480-470 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Jenkins 19701Jenkins 1970, p. 201-218, n° 104-186 (Group II)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 785, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 45, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 338
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
2 1 5.56 2 0.59 45
3 1 5.56 3 0.89 43
7 2 11.11 14 4.15 40, 41
9 1 5.56 9 2.67 43
10 1 5.56 10 2.97 50
15 1 5.56 15 4.45 37
18 1 5.56 18 5.34 47
21 1 5.56 21 6.23 36, 42
24 2 11.11 48 14.24 44, 48
25 2 11.11 50 14.84 35, 46
26 2 11.11 52 15.43 34, 38
28 1 5.56 28 8.31 33
31 1 5.56 31 9.2 32
36 1 5.56 36 10.68 39
Total 18 of 18 100.04 337 of 337 99.99
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 18 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. 
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 49 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 337
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 18.72 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 6.88
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 2.72 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  17.58 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  351,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 19.02 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00096
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) % Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  38,339.02
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  6,100 kg <br /> 6,100 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  95,847.55
Remarks

Most likely more than 2 workstations

References

  1. ^  Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
  4. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.