AC 68a -Messana, silver, drachms (425-396 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 7706


411 BCE - 409 BCE Silver 538 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: ΠELΩΡIAΣ (Greek).Wreathed head of Pelorias left, below, dolphin left
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΦΕΡΑ−ΙΜΩΝ (Greek).Pheraimon, nude but for helmet, advancing right, holding shield and spear.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Messana Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 411 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 409 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 3.60 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: drachma Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
AC 68a -Messana, silver, drachms (425-396 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Caccamo Caltabiano 19931Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 631 et 642-6.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 850, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 68b, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 809



Obverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 6 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. 
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 4 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 19
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 3.17 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 4.75
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 0.67 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  7.47 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  149,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 8.77 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00013
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) % Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  5,087.01
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  538 kg <br /> 538 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  12,717.54
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
  4. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.