Camarina, bronze (Athena/horse) (339-300 BCE)
From SILVER
339 BCE - 300 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | KAMAPINAIΩN (Greek).Head of Athena to left, wearing crested Attic helmet |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Horse springing left, below, grain ear |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Camarina | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 339 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 300 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1714 Camarina bronze Athena.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Westermark - Jenkins 19801Westermark - Jenkins 1980, n° 208-218 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 1065, HGC 23HGC 2, n° 555-556 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 20 | 2 | 2.99 | E, F |
| 2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 2.99 | A' |
| 4 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 5.97 | C' |
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 7.46 | A" |
| 8 | 2 | 20 | 16 | 23.88 | D, B' |
| 12 | 1 | 10 | 12 | 17.91 | C |
| 13 | 2 | 20 | 26 | 38.81 | A, B |
| Total | 10 of 10 | 100 | 67 of 67 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 10 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 14 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 67 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.7 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.79 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 10.6 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 212,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 11.75 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00032 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.01% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 12,641.51 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 31,603.77 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla - Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1980), The Coinage of Kamarina, RNS 9, Londres, 283 p., 40 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
