H 144 - Epirus (uncertain mint) (Epirote League), bronze (Zeus/thunderbolt) (148-50 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 7794


148 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Laureate head of Zeus l.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: AΠEIPΩTAN (Greek).Thunderbolt within wreath
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Epirus (uncertain mint) Ancient regionAncient region.: Epirus Modern countryModern country: Greece AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Epirote League
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 148 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 50 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Bronze Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 6.50 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: StandardStandard.:
Image
H141a Epirus Zeus thunderbolt.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Franke 19611Franke 1961
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 1999, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 144



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 84 57.93 84 27.63 2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 103, 104, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 134, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146
2 30 20.69 60 19.74 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 20, 22, 30, 35, 44, 52, 53, 56, 62, 63, 64, 67, 76, 82, 83, 108, 121, 122, 123, 125, 130, 135, 137, 138
3 14 9.66 42 13.82 14, 23, 24, 28, 36, 37, 40, 43, 47, 57, 105, 107, 127, 136
4 6 4.14 24 7.89 6, 27, 58, 99, 109, 131
5 2 1.38 10 3.29 101, 129
6 3 2.07 18 5.92 39, 69, 98
7 3 2.07 21 6.91 1, 77, 79
9 2 1.38 18 5.92 71, 106
27 1 0.69 27 8.88 75
Total 145 of 145 100.01 304 of 304 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 145 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  84
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 186 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 304
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 2.1 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.63
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.28 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  57.93 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  226.78 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  4,535,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 277.23 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00007
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 72.37% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  2,681.01
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  n.a. Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  6,702.53
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Franke, Peter Robert (1961), Die antiken Münzen von Epirus. I : Poleis, Stämme und epirotischer Bund bis 27 v. Chr. Katalog und Untersuchungen, Wiesbaden
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.