Lopadusa, bronze, 3rd century BC
From SILVER
400 BC - 400 BC Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bearded and diademed male head, probably of Zeus, diadem at the top of the head surmounted by a lotus flower (?) |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΛΟΠΑΔΟΥΣ - ΣΑΙΩΝ (Greek).Tuna-fish, with legend around fish |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Lopadusa | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Modern countryModern country: | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 400 BC | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 400 BC | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.97 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
Cng_lopadussa.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Bertelli - Rossini 20201Bertelli - Rossini 2020, p.183-199. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Calciati 19872Calciati 1987, 1-2 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 15 | 1 | 100 | 15 | 100 | O1 |
| Total | 1 of 1 | 100 | 15 of 15 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 1 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 3 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 15 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 0.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 19,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 1.07 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00076 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 30,303.03 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 75,757.58 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
