Pergamum, silver, cistophori (166-123 BCE) Kleiner & Noe

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 7946


166 BCE - 123 BCE Silver 42,555 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Serpent emerging from cista mystica, all within ivy wreath
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: (Greek).Two serpents entwined around bow and quiver, around three monograms
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Pergamum Ancient regionAncient region.: Mysia Modern countryModern country: Turkey AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Attalid Kingdom
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 166 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 123 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 12.70 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: cistophorus Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Cistophoric
Image
H212 Pergamum cistophorus.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Kleiner - Noe 19771Kleiner - Noe 1977
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear II2Sear II, n° 3944-3946, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 212



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 44 36.67 44 14.72 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, 22, 26, 30, 31, 33, 39, 43, 47, 55, 57, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 88, 92, 94, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120
2 37 30.83 74 24.75 1, 5, 17, 18, 27, 29, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 70, 72, 73, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 95, 101, 102, 107, 108, 111, 114
3 18 15 54 18.06 3, 7, 13, 21, 24, 25, 38, 48, 66, 76, 84, 89, 91, 97, 109, 112, 117, 118
4 6 5 24 8.03 12, 35, 41, 62, 99, 100
5 7 5.83 35 11.71 14, 32, 50, 53, 54, 96, 98
7 2 1.67 14 4.68 2, 77
8 2 1.67 16 5.35 16, 28
9 3 2.5 27 9.03 9, 37, 52
11 1 0.83 11 3.68 23
Total 120 of 120 100 299 of 299 100.01
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 120 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  44
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 255 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 299
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 2.49 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.17
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 2.13 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  36.67 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  167.54 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  3,350,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 200.45 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00009
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 85.28% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  3,569.3
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  42,555 kg <br /> 42,555 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  8,923.24
Remarks

Working with the 2002 hoard, Lucia Carbone counts 79 coins for 49 obverses and 78 reverses.

References

  1. ^  Kleiner, Fred S. - Noe, Sydney P. (1977), The early Cistophoric coinage, Numismatic Studies 14, New York, 129 p., 38 pl.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
  3. ^  Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.