Pergamum (Augustus), silver, cistophori (27-26 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 13363


27 BCE - 26 BCE Silver 9,979 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: IMP•CAESAR (Latin).Bare head of Augustus to right
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: AVGVSTVS (Latin).Six grain ears tied together
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Pergamum Ancient regionAncient region.: Mysia Modern countryModern country: Turkey AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Augustus (Roman emperor, 27 BC-14 AD), Roman Empire
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 27 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 26 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 12.00 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: cistophorus Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
S1926 Augustus cistophorus II-IV Pergamum.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Sutherland 19701Sutherland 1970, p. 44-54 (Groups II-IV)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: RIC2RIC, n° 494, RPC I3RPC I, n° 2212
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 16 48.48 16 15.84 2/2, 2/3, 3/2, 3/6, 3/7, 3/9, 3/10, 3/11, 3/13, 4/3, 4/6, 4/8, 4/9, 4/11, 4/12, 4/13
2 5 15.15 10 9.9 2/1, 3/1, 3/3, 3/14, 4/10
3 4 12.12 12 11.88 3/8, 3/12, 4/5, 4/14
4 1 3.03 4 3.96 2/4
5 2 6.06 10 9.9 4/1, 4/15
7 1 3.03 7 6.93 4/7
8 2 6.06 16 15.84 4/2, 4/4
12 1 3.03 12 11.88 3/5
14 1 3.03 14 13.86 3/4
Total 33 of 33 99.99 101 of 101 99.99
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 33 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  16
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 69 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 101
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 3.06 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.46
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 2.09 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  48.48 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  41.58 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  831,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 49.01 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00012
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 84.16% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  4,858.1
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  9,979 kg <br /> 9,979 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  12,145.26
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Sutherland, C. H. V. (1970), The cistophori of Augustus, RNS Spec. Publ. 5, London, 134 p., 36 pl.
  2. ^ RIC 
  3. ^  Amandry, Michel - Burnett, Andrew - Ripolles, Pere Pau (1998), Roman provincial coinage. I. From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AC 69), London-Paris, 2 vol., xvii + 812 p., 195 pl.