RQEM ad. 292 - Cos (Caria), drachma, c. 280-210 BC

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 1546

280 BCE - 210 BCE Silver 2,289 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Cos

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Caria (islands)

Modern countryModern country: Greece

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

280 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

210 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

3.20

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

drachma

StandardStandard.:

Image

RQEM_ad_292.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1176 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1176 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85231998)]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 253-263 (series XII)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	9	27.27	9	4.74	O8, O17, O21, O26, O29, O30, O31, O32, O33
2	4	12.12	8	4.21	O9, O20, O24, O25
3	3	9.09	9	4.74	O13, O27, O28
4	4	12.12	16	8.42	O2, O10, O15, O16
5	2	6.06	10	5.26	O7, O12
6	1	3.03	6	3.16	O1
7	2	6.06	14	7.37	O22, O23
8	2	6.06	16	8.42	O5, O6
9	1	3.03	9	4.74	O11
9	1	3.03	9	4.74	O5, O6
10	2	6.06	20	10.53	O14, O18
11	1	3.03	11	5.79	O19
14	1	3.03	14	7.37	O4
34	1	3.03	34	17.89	O3
Total	34 of 33	103.02	185 of 190	97.38

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	33	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	9
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	71	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	190
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	5.76	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	2.68
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	2.15	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	27.27 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	35.77	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	715,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	39.94	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00027
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	95.26%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	10,623.43
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	2,289 kg <br /> 2,289 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	26,558.57

Remarks