550 BCE - 410 BCE Silver 3,977 kg
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| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:
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Several types: 1) Head of lion facing, 2) Ant (type XXIV), 3) Head of Apollo right (indetermined type no. 550).
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| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:
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ΠΑ (types IX et XXIV) ; ΠAΝ (type XII) ; ΠAΝΤΙ (types XIII-XV, XVII-XVIII) ; ΑΠΟΛ (type XXXIV-XXXV) ; ΓΑΝ (type indéterminé, n° 550). (Greek).
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Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:
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Panticapaeum
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Ancient regionAncient region.:
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Bosporus
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Modern countryModern country: Russia (Crimea)
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AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
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Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.
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550 BCE
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toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..
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410 BCE
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PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic and Classical
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:
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Silver 
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams
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0.35
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DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:
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hemiobol
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StandardStandard.:
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study:
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N. Frolova1N. Frolova, Die frühe Münzprägung vom Kimmerischen Bosporos (Mitte 6. Bis Anfang 4. Jh.v.Chr.). Die Münzen der Städte Pantikapaion, Theodosia, Nymphaion und Phanagoria sowie der Sinder, Berlin, 2004 (p. 18-44, no. 23-29, 82-94, 96-127, 194-202, 205-214, 228, 253-254, 266-290, 322-323, 333-345, 349-353, 384-396, 405-407, 410-413, 460, 517-529, 543-547, 549-550, types I-IX2types I-IX, XII-XV, XVII-XVIII, XXIV, XXXIV-XXXV).
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| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:
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| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ
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Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)
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% (o)
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Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)
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% (n)
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Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
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| 1
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125
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83.33
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125
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66.14
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| 2
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16
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10.67
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32
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16.93
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| 3
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6
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4
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18
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9.52
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| 4
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2
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1.33
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8
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4.23
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| 6
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1
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0.67
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6
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3.17
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| Total
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150 of 150
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100
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189 of 189
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99.99
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Expand
no distribution is available
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| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)
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150
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Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ
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125
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| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)
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154
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Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)
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189
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| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)
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1.26
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Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)
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1.23
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| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)
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1.03
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Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ
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83.33 %
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| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ
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568.18
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Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ
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11,363,600
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| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)
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726.92
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Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ
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0.00002
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| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)
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33.86%
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Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ
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665.28
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| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ
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3,977 kg <br /> 3,977 kg
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Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ
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1,663.21
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RQEM ad. 895 - Panticapaeum, silver, hemiobol, 550-410 BC
