Rome (Faustina), gold, aurei (146-161 CE)
From SILVER
146 CE - 161 CE Gold 240,840 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | DIVA FAVSTINA (Latin).Draped bust of Faustina to right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AETERNITAS (Latin).Diva Faustina seated left in a portable shrine drawn by two elephants to left, each elephant ridden by a driver |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rome | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Latium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Empire, Antoninus Pius (Roman emperor, 138-161 AD) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 146 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 161 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | aureus | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1800 Rome Faustina gold.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Beckmann 20121Beckmann 2012 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 25 | 16.23 | 25 | 2.85 | |
| 2 | 14 | 9.09 | 28 | 3.2 | |
| 3 | 16 | 10.39 | 48 | 5.48 | |
| 4 | 26 | 16.88 | 104 | 11.87 | |
| 5 | 15 | 9.74 | 75 | 8.56 | |
| 6 | 15 | 9.74 | 90 | 10.27 | |
| 7 | 9 | 5.84 | 63 | 7.19 | |
| 8 | 5 | 3.25 | 40 | 4.57 | |
| 9 | 7 | 4.55 | 63 | 7.19 | |
| 10 | 2 | 1.3 | 20 | 2.28 | |
| 11 | 2 | 1.3 | 22 | 2.51 | |
| 12 | 3 | 1.95 | 36 | 4.11 | |
| 13 | 3 | 1.95 | 39 | 4.45 | |
| 14 | 2 | 1.3 | 28 | 3.2 | |
| 15 | 2 | 1.3 | 30 | 3.42 | |
| 16 | 3 | 1.95 | 48 | 5.48 | |
| 17 | 1 | 0.65 | 17 | 1.94 | |
| 21 | 2 | 1.3 | 42 | 4.79 | |
| 27 | 1 | 0.65 | 27 | 3.08 | |
| 31 | 1 | 0.65 | 31 | 3.54 | |
| Total | 154 of 154 | 100.01 | 876 of 876 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | % (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 71 | 30.47 | 71 | 8.11 | |
| 2 | 32 | 13.73 | 64 | 7.31 | |
| 3 | 42 | 18.03 | 126 | 14.38 | |
| 4 | 20 | 8.58 | 80 | 9.13 | |
| 5 | 25 | 10.73 | 125 | 14.27 | |
| 6 | 13 | 5.58 | 78 | 8.9 | |
| 7 | 7 | 3 | 49 | 5.59 | |
| 8 | 5 | 2.15 | 40 | 4.57 | |
| 9 | 4 | 1.72 | 36 | 4.11 | |
| 10 | 3 | 1.29 | 30 | 3.42 | |
| 11 | 1 | 0.43 | 11 | 1.26 | |
| 12 | 1 | 0.43 | 12 | 1.37 | |
| 13 | 1 | 0.43 | 13 | 1.48 | |
| 14 | 1 | 0.43 | 14 | 1.6 | |
| 15 | 4 | 1.72 | 60 | 6.85 | |
| 19 | 1 | 0.43 | 19 | 2.17 | |
| 24 | 1 | 0.43 | 24 | 2.74 | |
| 28 | 1 | 0.43 | 28 | 3.2 | |
| Total | 233 of 233 | 100.01 | 880 of 876 | 100.46 |
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 154 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 25 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 233 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 876 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.69 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.76 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.51 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.23 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 167.25 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,345,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 186.85 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00026 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.15% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,475.34 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 240,840 kg <br /> 240,840 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 26,188.34 |
Remarks
"Expression error: Missing operand for *." is not a number.
References
- ^ Beckmann, Martin (2012), Diva Faustina. Coinage and Cult in Rome and the Provinces, Numismatic Studies 26, New York, 170 p., 17 pl.
