S 1268 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Pantaleon), bronze, 2 units (190-180 BCE)
From SILVER
190 BCE - 180 BCE Bronze; Cupro-nickel 5,115 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath, thyrsus over shoulder. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΑΝΤΑΛΕΟΝΤΟΣ (Greek).Panther standing right, one paw raised, in front of vine. In left field, monogram. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Bactria (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Bactrian Kingdom, Pantaleon (Indo-Greek king, c. 190-180 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 190 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 180 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze , Cupro-nickel http://nomisma.org/id/cupro-nickel
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 2 units
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StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Glenn 20201Glenn 2020, p. 309, no. 1-8. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 10 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 13 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 13 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.3 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.3 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 80 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 34.1 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 682,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 43.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 38.46% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 762.46 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 5,115 kg <br /> 5,115 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,906.16 |
Remarks
Struck in cupro-nickel (C) and bronze (B)
References
- ^ Glenn, Simon (2020), Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I, Numismatic Studies 43, New York, 2020, 394 p., 106 pl.
