S 131 - Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia, bronze, Module 1 (system of 4 modules), 126-122 BC
From SILVER
126 BCE - 122 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Alexander II right, wearing a diadem and a radiate crown. (In the left field, ΘΕ.) Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ and "To Laodicea mother of Canaan" (Greek and Phoenician).Baal Bérytos dans un attelage de quatre hippocampes à gauche, wearing a flat tiara and an himation, holding a patera in the right hand et un trident de la main gauche. Sur l'un des hippocampes, une génie à cheval. (In the field, ΛΑ-Φ ou BH-PY.) Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria (Phoenicia) | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander II Zabinas (Seleucid king, 128-123 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 126 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 122 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | Module 1 (system of 4 modules) | StandardStandard.: |
Image
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S 131 - Berytus - Laodicea in Phoenicia Bronze Module 1 system of 4 modules 126-122 BC (Zawaya 2004, Pl.17, D1-R1, 169).png
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Sawaya 20041Sawaya 2004, p. 109-146, pl. 10-18 (p. 142, no. 169-178). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 88.89 | 8 | 80 | D1 (no issue mark), D2 (ΘΕ), D3 (ΘΕ), D4 (ΘΕ), D5 (ΘΕ), D6 (ΘΕ), D7 (ΘΕ), D8 (ΘΕ) |
| 2 | 1 | 11.11 | 2 | 20 | D1 (ΘΕ) |
| Total | 9 of 9 | 100 | 10 of 10 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 10 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 10 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.11 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.11 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 88.89 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 65.84 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,316,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 90 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 20% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 303.77 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 759.42 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Sawaya, Ziad (2004) "Le Monnayage Municipal Séleucide de Bérytos (169/8-114/3 ? av. J.-C.)", Numismatic Chronicle 164, p. 109-146, pl. 10-18.
