S 1360 - Ecbatana (Darius I), bronze (75-65 BCE)
From SILVER
75 BCE - 65 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king facing, wearing diadem. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Several legends: 1) ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΘΕΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ; 2) ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ΦΙΛOΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ (Greek).Several types: 1) Horse right In the left field, A (series I and III), 2) Nike right, holding crown (series II), 3) Elephant right (series IV). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Parthian Empire, Darius I of Media Atropatene (king of the Parthian Empire, c. 70 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 75 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 65 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boillet 20091Boillet 2009, p. 293-294, no. 1390-1402. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 5 | 62.5 | 5 | 38.46 | D2 (series I), D3 (series I), D2 (series III), D4 (series IV) |
| 2 | 2 | 25 | 4 | 30.77 | D1 (series I), D1 (series III) |
| 4 | 1 | 12.5 | 4 | 30.77 | D1 (series II) |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 13 of 13 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 5 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 10 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 13 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.63 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.25 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 62.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 16.76 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 335,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 61.54% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,551.31 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,878.28 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
