S 1708 - Seleuceia ad Tigrim (Phraates IV), silver, tetradrachms (28-23 BCE)
From SILVER
28 BCE - 23 BCE Silver 194,298 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed and draped bust to left, wart on forehead |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Greek).King seated to right, receiving palm branch from Tyche standing before him, legend around, BΠC ΔYCTPOV (date) in exergue |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Seleuceia ad Tigrim | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mesopotamia | Modern countryModern country: Iraq | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Parthian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 28 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 23 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S1707 Phraates IV tetradrachms.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Callataÿ 1994c1Callataÿ 1994c, p. 67-93 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sellwood 19802Sellwood 1980, n° 50-52, 55 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 173 | 70.33 | 173 | 49.01 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 103, 105, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 193, 195, 196, 197, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 217, 220, 221, 223, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246 |
| 2 | 49 | 19.92 | 98 | 27.76 | 14, 20, 22, 25, 32, 33, 35, 52, 53, 54, 67, 73, 75, 85, 88, 90, 101, 102, 104, 107, 109, 116, 117, 122, 129, 132, 138, 141, 144, 173, 175, 177, 189, 194, 198, 200, 211, 214, 216, 218, 222, 224, 225, 227, 228, 231, 232, 238, 240 |
| 3 | 19 | 7.72 | 57 | 16.15 | 7, 18, 42, 44, 49, 58, 74, 106, 111, 123, 151, 158, 165, 167, 176, 188, 191, 192, 210 |
| 4 | 2 | 0.81 | 8 | 2.27 | 121, 237 |
| 5 | 2 | 0.81 | 10 | 2.83 | 100, 226 |
| 7 | 1 | 0.41 | 7 | 1.98 | 219 |
| Total | 246 of 246 | 100 | 353 of 353 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 246 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 173 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 283 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 353 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.43 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.25 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.15 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 70.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 647.66 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 12,953,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 811.57 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 50.99% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,090.08 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 194,298 kg <br /> 194,298 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 2,725.2 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1994), Les tétradrachmes d'Orodès II et de Phraate IV. Etude du rythme de leur production monétaire à la lumière d'une grande trouvaille, Studia Iranica 14, Paris, 96 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Sellwood, David (1980), An introduction to the coinage of Parthia, 2nd ed., London, Spink & Son, 322 p., 10 pl.
