S 1827 - Byblus (Ozba'al), silver, shekels (400-370 BCE)
From SILVER
400 BCE - 370 Silver 4,571 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | (Phoenician).Three hoplites, holding shields, on galley left above waves, prow ending in lion's head, below, hippocamp left above murex shell, 'Z (in Phoenician) above dorsal fin |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | 'ZB'L MLK GBL (Ozbaal, king of Gebal in Phoenician) above (Phoenician).Lion attacking bull left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Byblus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 400 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 370 | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | shekel , double siglos
|
StandardStandard.: | Persian |
Image
.jpg)
S1827 Byblus Oz'baal shekels (400-370 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Elayi - Elayi 20141Elayi - Elayi 2014, p. 162-215, n° 268-726 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 6011, HGC 103HGC 10, n° 133 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 5.56 | 1 | 0.3 | 8 |
| 2 | 2 | 11.11 | 4 | 1.18 | 1, 18 |
| 3 | 2 | 11.11 | 6 | 1.78 | 2, 9 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 1.18 | 16 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 1.48 | 7 |
| 6 | 2 | 11.11 | 12 | 3.55 | 3, 15 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.56 | 9 | 2.66 | 6 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.56 | 12 | 3.55 | 17 |
| 18 | 2 | 11.11 | 36 | 10.65 | 4, 10 |
| 23 | 1 | 5.56 | 23 | 6.8 | 5 |
| 30 | 1 | 5.56 | 30 | 8.88 | 13 |
| 53 | 1 | 5.56 | 53 | 15.68 | 11 |
| 67 | 1 | 5.56 | 67 | 19.82 | 14 |
| 76 | 1 | 5.56 | 76 | 22.49 | 12 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.04 | 338 of 338 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 40 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 338 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 18.78 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8.45 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.22 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.56 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 17.58 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 351,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 19.01 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00096 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.7% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 38,452.79 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,571 kg <br /> 4,571 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 96,131.97 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2014), A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, xvi + 384 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
