S 1864 - Opous (Locrians), silver, staters (380-338 BCE)
From SILVER
380 BCE - 338 BCE Silver 8,307 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Wreathed head of Demeter to left, wearing pearl necklace and triple-pendant earring |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΟΠΟΝ-ΤΙΩΝ around (Greek).Ajax, nude but for crested Corinthian helmet, advancing to right on rocky ground, holding sword and shield decorated with coiled serpent, round shield between his legs |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Opous | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Locri Opuntii (Opus) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 380 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 338 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 12.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1864 Lokrians staters.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Morineau Humphris - Delbridge 20141Morineau Humphris - Delbridge 2014, p. 50-78 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 2326-2328, HGC 43HGC 4, n° 989 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 8.57 | 3 | 0.33 | 31, 33, 35 |
| 2 | 2 | 5.71 | 4 | 0.44 | 23, 24 |
| 3 | 2 | 5.71 | 6 | 0.66 | 28, 34 |
| 4 | 3 | 8.57 | 12 | 1.32 | 6, 19, 30 |
| 5 | 1 | 2.86 | 5 | 0.55 | 11 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.86 | 7 | 0.77 | 32 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.86 | 9 | 0.99 | 12 |
| 10 | 1 | 2.86 | 10 | 1.1 | 17 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.86 | 12 | 1.32 | 18 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.86 | 13 | 1.43 | 27 |
| 15 | 2 | 5.71 | 30 | 3.3 | 5, 9 |
| 17 | 1 | 2.86 | 17 | 1.87 | 10 |
| 20 | 1 | 2.86 | 20 | 2.2 | 29 |
| 21 | 1 | 2.86 | 21 | 2.31 | 21 |
| 24 | 1 | 2.86 | 24 | 2.64 | 8 |
| 26 | 1 | 2.86 | 26 | 2.86 | 16 |
| 27 | 1 | 2.86 | 27 | 2.97 | 25 |
| 29 | 1 | 2.86 | 29 | 3.19 | 4 |
| 30 | 1 | 2.86 | 30 | 3.3 | 1 |
| 31 | 1 | 2.86 | 31 | 3.41 | 22 |
| 40 | 1 | 2.86 | 40 | 4.41 | 2 |
| 41 | 2 | 5.71 | 82 | 9.03 | 3, 26 |
| 54 | 1 | 2.86 | 54 | 5.95 | 7 |
| 64 | 1 | 2.86 | 64 | 7.05 | 14 |
| 80 | 1 | 2.86 | 80 | 8.81 | 13 |
| 125 | 1 | 2.86 | 125 | 13.77 | 15 |
| 127 | 1 | 2.86 | 127 | 13.99 | 20 |
| Total | 35 of 35 | 100.04 | 908 of 908 | 99.97 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 35 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 77 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 908 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 25.94 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 11.79 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 8.57 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 33.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 675,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 36.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00134 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 53,775.54 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 8,307 kg <br /> 8,307 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 134,438.85 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations Obv. 1-10 and 11-20 are heavily die-linked
References
- ^ Morineau Humphris, Jacqueline - Delbridge, Diana (2014), The Coinage of the Opuntian Lokrians, RNS Spec. Publ. 50, London, RNS, 264 p., 61 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
