S 2068 - Sardis (Xerxes - Darius II), silver, sigloi (Group IIIb) (480-425 BCE) Alram

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 14228

480 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 1,610 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Persian king or hero, wearing kidaris and kandys, quiver over shoulder, in kneeling-running stance right, holding spear and bow
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	Incuse punch

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Sardis

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Lydia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Artaxerxes I, Darius II, Persian Empire, Xerxes I

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

480 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

425 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical ^{480-323 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

5.50

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

siglos

StandardStandard.:

Persian

Image

S2068 Sardis sigloi Group IIIb.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Alram 19931Alram 1993
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	2	18.18	2	6.67	5A, 5B
2	3	27.27	6	20	1C, 1D, 4
3	4	36.36	12	40	1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
4	1	9.09	4	13.33	2C
6	1	9.09	6	20	3
Total	11 of 11	99.99	30 of 30	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	11	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	2
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)		Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	30
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.73	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)		Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	18.18 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	14.64	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	292,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	17.37	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00010
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	93.33%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	4,098.36
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	1,610 kg <br /> 1,610 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	10,245.9

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation This die-study is a skeleton die-study from one single hoard (rich of 1491 sigloi)

References

^ Alram, Michael (1993), "Dareikos und siglos : Ein neuer schatzfund achaimenidischer sigloi aus kleinasien", Res Orientales, 5 (Rika Gyselen [ed.], Circulation des monnaies, des marchandises et des biens), p. 23-53.