324 BCE - 320 BCE Silver 5,432 kg
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| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:
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Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. (In field, Σ).
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| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:
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BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, AP monogram in left field.
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Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:
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Aradus
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Ancient regionAncient region.:
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Phoenicia
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Modern countryModern country: Syria
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AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
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Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC)
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Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.
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324 BCE
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toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..
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320 BCE
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PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:
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Silver
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams
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4.15
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DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:
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drachma
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StandardStandard.:
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Attic
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study:
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Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p. 16, n° 128 (Group IV, Series 1), p. 19, n° 272-285 (Group IV, Series 4), p. 23, n° 455 (Group IV, Series 9), p. 24, n° 520-526 (Group IV, Series 10), p. 30, n° 863-869 (Group IV, Series 11)
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| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:
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HGC 102HGC 10, n° 62
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| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:
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| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ
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Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)
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% (o)
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Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)
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% (n)
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Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
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| 1
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17
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77.27
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17
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56.67
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1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22
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| 2
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3
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13.64
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6
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20
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7, 19, 20
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| 3
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1
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4.55
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3
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10
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3
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| 4
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1
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4.55
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4
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13.33
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16
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| Total
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22 of 22
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100.01
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30 of 30
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100
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Expand
no distribution is available
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| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)
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22
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Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ
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17
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| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)
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23
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Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)
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30
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| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)
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1.36
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Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)
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1.3
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| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)
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1.05
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Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ
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77.27 %
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| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ
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65.44
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Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ
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1,308,800
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| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)
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82.5
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Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ
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0.00002
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| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)
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43.33%
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Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ
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916.87
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| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ
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5,432 kg <br /> 5,432 kg
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Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ
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2,292.18
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Most likely one single workstation
S 31 - Aradus (Alexander the Great), silver, drachms (324/3-320 BCE)
