S 444 - Messene, bronze, hemiobols (191-50 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 8756


191 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Demeter or Artemis right, wearing ear and leaves wreath or stephane. Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ME and ΔEΞIAΣ (Greek).Zeus Ithomatas right, naked, holding thunderbolt in right hand and spear in left hand, eagle standing on left arm. In the field, tripod, and/or wreath and letters or name.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Messene Ancient regionAncient region.: Peloponnesus Modern countryModern country: Greece AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 191 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 50 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Bronze Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 5.80 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: hemiobol Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
S_444_-_Messene,_bronze,_hemiobols_(191-50_BCE).png [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Grandjean 20031Grandjean 2003, series XI.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 68 40.48 68 13.47 D137, D138, D141, D147, D151, D152, D161, D164, D168, D171, D172, D173, D174, D176, D177, D178, D179, D180, D181, D182, D183, D184, D186, D187, D188, D189, D190, D193, D195, D196, D198, D208, D214, D220, D227, D240, D241, D245, D248, D252, D254, D255, D256, D258, D260, D261, D265, D267, D268, D269, D270, D272, D273, D274, D278, D279, D280, D282, D284, D285, D287, D293, D296, D297, D300, D302, D303, D304
2 37 22.02 74 14.65 140, 148, 149, 153, 155, 159, 160, 166, 170, 175, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 213, 228, 229, 231, 237, 239, 243, 244, 249, 250, 251, 253, 257, 259, 262, 263, 264, 266, 283, 286, 290, 301
3 26 15.48 78 15.45 139, 143, 150, 154, 156, 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, 169, 200, 206, 212, 216, 217, 219, 221, 223, 233, 235, 238, 271, 294, 298, 299
4 15 8.93 60 11.88 142, 144, 157, 199, 201, 203, 204, 207, 226, 230, 242, 247, 275, 276, 277
5 6 3.57 30 5.94 191, 209, 215, 224, 234, 246
6 4 2.38 24 4.75 218, 222, 236, 281
7 3 1.79 21 4.16 146, 232, 289
8 2 1.19 16 3.17 210, 295
9 3 1.79 27 5.35
10 1 0.6 10 1.98 291
11 1 0.6 11 2.18 145
12 1 0.6 12 2.38 288
25 1 0.6 25 4.95 292
Total 168 of 168 100.03 456 of 505 90.31
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 168 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  68
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 308 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 505
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 3.01 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.64
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.83 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  40.48 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  213.05 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  4,261,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 251.75 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00012
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 86.53% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  4,740.67
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  n.a. Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  11,851.68
Remarks


References

  1. ^  C. Grandjean, Les Messéniens de 370/369 au 1er siècle de notre ère. Monnayages et histoire, Athens, 2003