S 449 - Messene, bronze, hemiobols (30-64 CE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8912

30 CE - 64 CE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	MECCHNIWN (Greek).Bust of Messene right, with earring, veiled and mural crown.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	Several types: Zeus Ithômatas right, naked, holding thunderbolt in right hand, eagle on left arm. In field, wreath (and tripod) (issues α-β), 2) Asclepios left, holding serpent-entwined staff. In field, wreath (issues γ-δ).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Messene

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Peloponnesus

Modern countryModern country: Greece

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Roman Empire

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

30 CE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

64 CE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman ^{from 30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

5.80

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

hemiobol

StandardStandard.:

Image

S_449_-_Messene,_bronze,_hemiobols_(30-64_CE).png [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Grandjean 20031Grandjean 2003, series XVI.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	6	42.86	6	11.76	396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402
2	1	7.14	2	3.92	404
3	2	14.29	6	11.76	395, 408
4	1	7.14	4	7.84	398
6	1	7.14	6	11.76	405
8	2	14.29	16	31.37	403, D407
11	1	7.14	11	21.57	406
Total	14 of 14	100	51 of 51	99.98

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	14	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	6
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	14	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	51
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	3.64	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	3.64
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	42.86 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	16.71	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	334,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	19.3	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00015
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	88.24%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	6,104.13
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	15,260.32

Remarks

References

^ C. Grandjean, Les Messéniens de 370/369 au 1er siècle de notre ère. Monnayages et histoire, Athens, 2003