S 48 - Aradus, silver, tetradrachms (Alexander the Great) (246-167 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 8935


246 BCE - 167 BCE Silver 18,982 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated left on throne, holding eagle and sceptre. Controls: Palm tree in left field, monogram below throne, ΞA (date) in exergue.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Aradus Ancient regionAncient region.: Phoenicia Modern countryModern country: Syria AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC)
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 246 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 167 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 17.00 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetradrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Attic
Image
S48 aradus tetradrachm 61.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p. 38-43, n° 1114-1356 (Series I).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: HGC 102HGC 10, n° 60-61
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 16 32 16 6.58 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 22, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40, 45, 46, 49, 50
2 4 8 8 3.29 18, 44, 47, 48
3 7 14 21 8.64 13, 14, 20, 24, 28, 29, 39
4 6 12 24 9.88 1, 8, 12, 34, 42, 43
6 3 6 18 7.41 3, 21, 36
7 4 8 28 11.52 26, 27, 31, 41
9 1 2 9 3.7 2
10 3 6 30 12.35 23, 32, 33
11 1 2 11 4.53 7
13 1 2 13 5.35 5
14 1 2 14 5.76 6
16 2 4 32 13.17 4, 17
19 1 2 19 7.82 38
Total 50 of 50 100 243 of 243 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 50 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  16
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 166 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 243
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 4.86 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.46
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 3.32 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  32 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  55.83 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  1,116,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 62.95 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00022
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 93.42% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  8,705
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  18,982 kg <br /> 18,982 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  21,762.49
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation

References

  1. ^  Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut
  2. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.