S 61 - Aradus, silver, drachma, 172-109 BC

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 8851


172 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 7,850 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Bee
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: APAΔΙΩΝ (Greek).Deer right in front of a palm tree.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Aradus Ancient regionAncient region.: Syria (Phoenicia) Modern countryModern country: Syria AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 172 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 109 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 4.00 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: drachma Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
S 61 - Aradus, silver, drachma, 172-109 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p. 74-81, no. 2573-3009 (series VI).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 23 26.14 23 5.34 D6, D11, D12, D14, D16, D17, D20, D22, D23, D29, D30, D38, D40, D42, D51, D59, D60, D65, D67, D76, D78, D81, D83
2 12 13.64 24 5.57 D4, D10, D13, D21, D34, D36, D37, D39, D53, D61, D79, D80
3 7 7.95 21 4.87 D1, D24, D57, D58, D66, D82, D85
4 10 11.36 40 9.28 D5, D15, D25, D26, D28, D46, D69, D87, D88, D89
5 8 9.09 40 9.28 D3, D19, D47, D50, D64, D74, D77, D86
6 3 3.41 18 4.18 D7, D56, D62
7 5 5.68 35 8.12 D8, D27, D35, D48, D52
8 6 6.82 48 11.14 D2, D44, D54, D55, D68, D71
9 3 3.41 27 6.26 D2, D44, D54, D55, D68, D71
10 2 2.27 20 4.64 D49, D75
11 2 2.27 22 5.1 D9, D18
12 2 2.27 24 5.57 D33, D41
13 2 2.27 26 6.03 D43, D45
14 2 2.27 28 6.5 D31, D32
18 1 1.14 18 4.18 D72
Total 88 of 88 99.99 414 of 431 96.06
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 88 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  23
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 113 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 431
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 4.9 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 3.81
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.28 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  26.14 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  98.12 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  1,962,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 110.58 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00022
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 94.66% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  8,785.16
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  7,850 kg <br /> 7,850 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  21,962.9
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut