S 778 - Abdera, bronze, dichalkon, 395-360 BC
From SILVER
395 BCE - 360 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Griffin jumping from a base to left, open wing, front paws raised. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Different types : 1) Head of Apollo right, wearing laurel wreath. In the field, a magistrate name: ΕΠ ΟΡΧΑΜΟΣ (n° 16-21), 2) Male head right. In the field, a magistrate name: ΕΠI ΜΑΝΔΡΩΝΟΣ (n° 23-25), ΝΙΚΟΣΤΡΑΤΟ (n° 26-28) or ΑΝAΞΙΠΟΛΙΤΟΣ (n° 29-32). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Abdera | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 395 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 360 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | dichalkon
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StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Chryssanthaki-Nagle 20071Chryssanthaki-Nagle 2007, p. 180-182, no. 16-21, 23-32. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 9 | 64.29 | 9 | 34.62 | D1 (ΟΡΧ), D2 (ΟΡΧ), D5 (ΟΡΧ), D6 (ΟΡΧ), D1 (MAN), D3 (MAN), D1 (ΝΙΚ), D2 (ΝΙΚ), D3 (ΝΙΚ) |
| 2 | 3 | 21.43 | 6 | 23.08 | D3 (ΟΡΧ), D4 (ΟΡΧ), D2 (ΑΝΑ) |
| 4 | 1 | 7.14 | 4 | 15.38 | D2 (MAN) |
| 6 | 1 | 7.14 | 6 | 23.08 | D1 (ΑΝΑ) |
| Total | 14 of 14 | 100 | 25 of 26 | 96.16 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 15 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 26 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.86 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.73 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.07 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 64.29 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 24.58 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 491,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 30.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 65.38% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,115.54 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,288.85 |
Remarks
