S 870 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Menander), silver, tetradrachms (150-125 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 9180


150 BCE - 125 BCE Silver 21,797 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ MENANΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Several types: 1) Bust of Menander three quarter left, wearing diadem, aegis on shoulder, (snake on back), brandishing spear, 2) Bust of Menander right, wearing diadem (and helmet), chlamys (within border of beed and reel).
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: Maharajasa tratarasa Menamdrasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Several types : 1) Owl right, head facing. In field, a monogram (no. 1711-1712), 2) Athena Alkidemos left, shield attached on her arm and brandishing thunderbolt. In field, 1 or 2 monogram(s) (other no.).
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Punjab (uncertain mint) Ancient regionAncient region.: Bactria Modern countryModern country: India AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Menander I Soter (Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king, 165/155 -130 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 150 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 125 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 9.80 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetradrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Bordeaux 20181Bordeaux 2018, p. 212-243, n° 458-477, 500-505, 540-542, 681, 773-836, 985-996, 1000-1001, 1336-1357, 1443-1501, 1514-1518, 1670-1681, 1711-1712).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 34 41.98 34 16.35
2 21 25.93 42 20.19
3 9 11.11 27 12.98
4 7 8.64 28 13.46
5 3 3.7 15 7.21
7 3 3.7 21 10.1
8 1 1.23 8 3.85
9 1 1.23 9 4.33
10 1 1.23 10 4.81
14 1 1.23 14 6.73
Total 81 of 81 99.98 208 of 208 100.01
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 81 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  34
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 152 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 208
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 2.57 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.37
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.88 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  41.98 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  111.21 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  2,224,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 132.66 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00009
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 83.65% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  3,740.67
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  21,797 kg <br /> 21,797 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  9,351.68
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.