S 92 - Tigranocerta (Tigranes II), silver, tetradrachms (80-68 BCE) Nercessian
From SILVER
83 BCE - 69 BCE Silver 21,471 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of the king Tigranes to right, wearing the diademed royal tiara orned with a star between two eagles, a drapery around the neck, within a circle of perles et pirouettes. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ TIΓΡΑΝΟΥ (Greek).Tyche of Antioch seated on a rock to right, wearing a mural crown and a long tunic, holding a palm in the right hand. At her feet, the river Orontus personified three quarter right, head facing. In the right field, one/several letter(s) and/or a monogram. On the rock, a letter or a monogram (for certain issues). All within a laurel wreath. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tigranocerta | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Armenia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Tigranes II of Armenia (Artaxiad king, c. 95-56 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 83 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 69 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S 92 - Tigranocerta Tigranes II, tetradrachm, 80-68 BCE, Nercessian.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Nercessian 20061Nercessian 2006, p. 26-80. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 14 | 20.9 | 14 | 1.9 | A9, A12, A13, A23, A27, A44, A46, A51, A52, A54, A59, A62, A66, A67 |
| 2 | 11 | 16.42 | 22 | 2.99 | A11, A18, A20, A25, A29, A30, A31, A36, A38, A50, A56 |
| 3 | 3 | 4.48 | 9 | 1.22 | A5, A16, A40 |
| 4 | 3 | 4.48 | 12 | 1.63 | A15, A24, A47 |
| 5 | 3 | 4.48 | 15 | 2.04 | A8, A28, A37 |
| 6 | 3 | 4.48 | 18 | 2.45 | A3, A45, A64 |
| 7 | 1 | 1.49 | 7 | 0.95 | A35 |
| 8 | 2 | 2.99 | 16 | 2.17 | A42, A53 |
| 9 | 3 | 4.48 | 27 | 3.67 | A42, A53 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.49 | 10 | 1.36 | A4 |
| 11 | 1 | 1.49 | 11 | 1.49 | A49 |
| 13 | 2 | 2.99 | 26 | 3.53 | A7, A43 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.49 | 14 | 1.9 | A19 |
| 17 | 2 | 2.99 | 34 | 4.62 | A55, A58 |
| 18 | 1 | 1.49 | 18 | 2.45 | A60 |
| 19 | 2 | 2.99 | 38 | 5.16 | A21, A65 |
| 20 | 1 | 1.49 | 20 | 2.72 | A61 |
| 21 | 1 | 1.49 | 21 | 2.85 | A63 |
| 22 | 1 | 1.49 | 22 | 2.99 | A17 |
| 23 | 1 | 1.49 | 23 | 3.13 | A10 |
| 25 | 1 | 1.49 | 25 | 3.4 | A33 |
| 27 | 1 | 1.49 | 27 | 3.67 | A22 |
| 36 | 1 | 1.49 | 36 | 4.89 | A57 |
| 37 | 1 | 1.49 | 37 | 5.03 | A32 |
| 39 | 1 | 1.49 | 39 | 5.3 | A2 |
| 41 | 1 | 1.49 | 41 | 5.57 | A34 |
| 42 | 1 | 1.49 | 42 | 5.71 | A39 |
| 48 | 1 | 1.49 | 48 | 6.52 | A41 |
| 59 | 1 | 1.49 | 59 | 8.02 | |
| 64 | 1 | 1.49 | 64 | 8.7 | |
| Total | 67 of 67 | 99.99 | 795 of 736 | 108.03 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 67 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 14 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 518 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 736 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 10.99 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.42 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 7.73 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20.9 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 67.52 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,350,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 73.71 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00055 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.1% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 21,800.95 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 21,471 kg <br /> 21,471 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 54,502.37 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Nercessian, Yeghia T. (2006), Silver Coinage of the Artaxiad Dynasty of Armenia, Los Angeles, ix, 212 p., 96 pl.
