Syracuse, silver, decadrachms (quadriga/Arethusa Evainetos) (404-400 BCE)
From SILVER
404 BCE - 400 BCE Silver 20,351 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Racing quadriga driven left by charioteer, reins in left hand, kentron in right, Nike flying right in field above to crown him, military arms, including aspis (shield), greaves, cuirass, and crested Attic helmet, all joined by horizontal spear, ΑΘΛΑ ("prizes") below all in exergue, dotted border |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Head of Arethusa left, hair wreathed in barley ears, wearing triple pendant earring and beaded necklace, four dolphins swimming around, shell turned downward with eight scallops behind head, die-engraver's signature EY-AINE below bottom dolphin, dotted border |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 404 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 400 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 43.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | decadrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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AC 99 - Syracuse, silver, decadrachms Evainetos (404-400 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Gallatin 19301Gallatin 1930 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 953, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 99, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 1299 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 4.17 | 1 | 0.24 | 1 |
| 2 | 3 | 12.5 | 6 | 1.42 | 18, 20, 24 |
| 3 | 1 | 4.17 | 3 | 0.71 | 13 |
| 4 | 1 | 4.17 | 4 | 0.94 | 5 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.17 | 5 | 1.18 | 16 |
| 7 | 2 | 8.33 | 14 | 3.3 | 10, 19 |
| 11 | 2 | 8.33 | 22 | 5.19 | 12, 17 |
| 13 | 1 | 4.17 | 13 | 3.07 | 15 |
| 14 | 2 | 8.33 | 28 | 6.6 | 21, 23 |
| 15 | 1 | 4.17 | 15 | 3.54 | 2 |
| 20 | 2 | 8.33 | 40 | 9.43 | 7, 8 |
| 23 | 1 | 4.17 | 23 | 5.42 | 22 |
| 25 | 1 | 4.17 | 25 | 5.9 | 11 |
| 37 | 1 | 4.17 | 37 | 8.73 | 6 |
| 42 | 1 | 4.17 | 42 | 9.91 | 3 |
| 44 | 1 | 4.17 | 44 | 10.38 | 14 |
| 48 | 1 | 4.17 | 48 | 11.32 | 4 |
| 54 | 1 | 4.17 | 54 | 12.74 | 9 |
| Total | 24 of 24 | 100.03 | 424 of 424 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 24 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 44 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 424 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 17.67 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 9.64 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.83 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 4.17 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 23.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 470,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 25.44 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00090 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.76% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 36,085.11 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 20,351 kg <br /> 20,351 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 90,212.77 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Gallatin, Albert (1930), Syracusan Dekadrachms of the Euainetos Type, Cambridge, 53 p., XII pl., 32 cm.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
