Syracuse (Agathocles), gold, staters (Athena/thunderbolt) (317-310 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 9488


317 BCE - 310 BCE Gold 8,633 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Athena to right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet decorated with a griffin on the bowl, pendant earring and pearl necklace
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ AΓAΘOΚΛEΟΣ (Greek).Winged thunderbolt. In the field, monogram.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Syracuse Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Agathocles of Syracuse (tyrant of Syracuse in 317-289 BC and self-styled king of Sicily in 304-289 BC)
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 317 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 310 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Gold Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 5.65 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: stater Nomisma.org, double decadrachm StandardStandard.:
Image
S 354 - Syracuse, gold, stater.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Bérend 19981Bérend 1998
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 970, HGC 23HGC 2, n° 1535
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 1 16.67 1 5.56 2
3 3 50 9 50 4, 5, 6
4 2 33.33 8 44.44 1, 3
Total 6 of 6 100 18 of 18 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 6 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  1
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 7 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 18
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 3 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 2.57
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.17 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  16.67 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  7.64 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  152,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 9 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00012
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 94.44% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  4,712.04
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  8,633 kg <br /> 8,633 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  11,780.1
Remarks

Most likely more than 2 workstations Likely military

References

  1. ^  Bérend, Denyse (1998), "De l'or d'Agathocle", in R. Ashton and S. Hurter (eds.), Studies in Greek Numismatics in Memory of Martin Jessop Price, London, p. 37-41, pl. 9 (p. 40).
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.