Tralles, silver, cistophori (166-89 BCE) Carbone
From SILVER
166 BCE - 89 BCE Silver 31,491 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Snake emerging l. from half-open cista mystica, all within ivy wreath |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | TPAΛ (Greek).Bow in case between two serpents with intertwined tails, TPAΛ to l., cult statue of Artemis to r., TIME above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tralles | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Attalid Kingdom, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 166 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 89 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 12.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | cistophorus
|
StandardStandard.: | Cistophoric |
Image
H236 Tralles cistophorus.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Carbone 20201Carbone 2020, p. 125-142 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 4745-4747, 4750 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 5.87 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24, 26, 28, 33, 34, 54, 57, 61, 65, 67, 73, 83, 92, 93, 94 |
| 2 | 23 | 21.3 | 46 | 10 | 3, 7, 9, 10, 14, 29, 46, 47, 48, 53, 58, 62, 64, 78, 79, 86, 88, 89, 95, 96, 101, 104, 108 |
| 3 | 14 | 12.96 | 42 | 9.13 | 6, 22, 25, 30, 35, 36, 40, 45, 51, 56, 77, 81, 99, 105 |
| 4 | 12 | 11.11 | 48 | 10.43 | 31, 44, 49, 63, 74, 75, 76, 87, 91, 97, 100, 107 |
| 5 | 11 | 10.19 | 55 | 11.96 | 27, 38, 50, 55, 60, 70, 71, 80, 90, 98, 103 |
| 6 | 4 | 3.7 | 24 | 5.22 | 23, 52, 66, 72 |
| 7 | 3 | 2.78 | 21 | 4.57 | 32, 82, 85 |
| 8 | 4 | 3.7 | 32 | 6.96 | 59, 69, 84, 106 |
| 9 | 2 | 1.85 | 18 | 3.91 | 37, 102 |
| 10 | 1 | 0.93 | 10 | 2.17 | 21 |
| 11 | 2 | 1.85 | 22 | 4.78 | 39, 68 |
| 12 | 1 | 0.93 | 12 | 2.61 | 20 |
| 15 | 1 | 0.93 | 15 | 3.26 | 18 |
| 17 | 1 | 0.93 | 17 | 3.7 | 41 |
| 35 | 1 | 0.93 | 35 | 7.61 | 42 |
| 36 | 1 | 0.93 | 36 | 7.83 | 43 |
| Total | 108 of 108 | 100.02 | 460 of 460 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 108 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 27 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 270 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 460 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.26 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.7 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 123.98 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,479,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 141.14 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00019 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.13% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,420.55 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 31,491 kg <br /> 31,491 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,551.38 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
