Tyre, silver, shekels (357-333 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 14245


357 BCE - 333 BCE Silver 23,277 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Bearded god (Melqarth?) riding winged hippocamp to right, holding bow. Beneath, waves. Guilloche border
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: Owl standing to right, head facing, with crook and flail. In right field, Phoenician numerals. Guilloche border
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Tyre Ancient regionAncient region.: Phoenicia Modern countryModern country: Lebanon AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Persian Empire
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 357 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 333 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 8.60 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: shekel Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Phoenician
Image
S2072 Tyre shekels 357-333.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Elayi - Elayi 20091Elayi - Elayi 2009, p. 103, n° 796 (Series II.2.1)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear II2Sear II, n° 5915915, HGC 103HGC 10, n° 349
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 33 30.56 33 9.82 33, 34, 35, 43, 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 65, 70, 72, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 92, 95, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108
2 24 22.22 48 14.29 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27, 46, 51, 61, 62, 64, 68, 71, 75, 85, 88, 96, 99, 100
3 16 14.81 48 14.29 5, 15, 18, 19, 20, 29, 30, 31, 37, 49, 50, 60, 66, 67, 76, 89
4 15 13.89 60 17.86 2, 12, 22, 24, 25, 28, 32, 36, 40, 41, 44, 45, 54, 69, 94
5 4 3.7 20 5.95 4, 74, 77, 91
6 2 1.85 12 3.57 23, 42
7 8 7.41 56 16.67 1, 21, 38, 48, 78, 90, 95, 97
8 3 2.78 24 7.14 6, 39, 63
10 2 1.85 20 5.95 10, 73
15 1 0.93 15 4.46 93
Total 108 of 108 100 336 of 336 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 108 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  33
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 170 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 336
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 3.11 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.98
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.57 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  30.56 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  135.33 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  2,706,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 159.16 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00012
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 90.18% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  4,965.64
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  23,277 kg <br /> 23,277 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  12,414.1
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2009), The Coinage of the Phoenician City of Tyre in the Persian Period (5th-4th cent. BCE), Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 188, Leuven, Peeters, 517 p.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
  3. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.