Tyre, silver, shekels (425-394 BCE)
From SILVER
425 BCE - 394 BCE Silver 27,186 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Melqarth, riding on a hippocamp to right, holding bow and arrows with his left hand and the reins with his right, below, dolphin swimming to right under waves, around, guilloche border |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Owl standing to right, before crook and flail, around, guilloche border |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tyre | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 425 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 394 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | shekel
|
StandardStandard.: | Phoenician |
Image
S2053 Tyre shekels 425-394.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Elayi - Elayi 20091Elayi - Elayi 2009, p. 48-62, n° 246-399 (Series II.1.1) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 5911-5912, HGC 103HGC 10, n° 315 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 30 | 54.55 | 30 | 30.61 | 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 |
| 2 | 16 | 29.09 | 32 | 32.65 | 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 22, 29, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 49 |
| 3 | 3 | 5.45 | 9 | 9.18 | 16, 28, 34 |
| 4 | 3 | 5.45 | 12 | 12.24 | 10, 13, 30 |
| 5 | 3 | 5.45 | 15 | 15.31 | 31, 32, 35 |
| Total | 55 of 55 | 99.99 | 98 of 98 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 55 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 30 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 63 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 98 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.78 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.56 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.15 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 54.55 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 101.44 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,028,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 125.35 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 69.39% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,932.18 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 27,186 kg <br /> 27,186 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 4,830.44 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2009), The Coinage of the Phoenician City of Tyre in the Persian Period (5th-4th cent. BCE), Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 188, Leuven, Peeters, 517 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
