Cnidus, silver, tetradrachms (360-340 BCE): Difference between revisions
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
|Reverse legend= | |Image=AC241 Cnidus.jpeg | ||
|Image reference=https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=920082 | |||
|Obverse legend=KNI | |||
|Obverse legend language=Greek | |||
|Obverse description=Head of Aphrodite Euploia left, wearing pendant earring and pearl necklace, hair confined by ampyx and sphendone, K—NI flanking neck, prow of ship behind. | |||
|Reverse legend=ΛΕΟΣΤΗΕΝ | |||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |||
|Reverse description=Head and foreleg of roaring lion left, below moneyer’s abbreviated name ΛΕΟΣΤΗΕΝ, all in incuse square. | |||
|Mint=Cnidus | |Mint=Cnidus | ||
|Date from=360 | |Ancient region=Caria | ||
|Date to=340 | |Date from=360 BCE | ||
|Date to=340 BCE | |||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
| | |Median weight=14.60 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=241 | |RQEM reference number=241 | ||
|Die study reference=Ashton 1999 | |||
|Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 4846; RQEMAC, n° 241 | |||
|Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/cnidus_ashton_1999_tetradrachms | |||
|Number of obverse dies=8 | |Number of obverse dies=8 | ||
|Number of singletons=3 | |Number of singletons=3 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=14 | |Number of reverse dies=14 | ||
|Number of coins=16 | |Number of coins=16 | ||
|Purpose=Likely military | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
| Line 20: | Line 31: | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
|Die name=1,3,6 | |Die name=1,3,6 | ||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=2 | |||
|Number of dies=3 | |||
|Die name=2,4,7 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=3 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=5 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=4 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=8 | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:31, 15 May 2023
360 BCE - 340 BCE Silver 3,793 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | KNI (Greek).Head of Aphrodite Euploia left, wearing pendant earring and pearl necklace, hair confined by ampyx and sphendone, K—NI flanking neck, prow of ship behind. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΛΕΟΣΤΗΕΝ (Greek).Head and foreleg of roaring lion left, below moneyer’s abbreviated name ΛΕΟΣΤΗΕΝ, all in incuse square. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cnidus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 360 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 340 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC241 Cnidus.jpeg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ashton 19991Ashton 1999 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 4846, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 241 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 14 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 16 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.14 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 12.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 259,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 16 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 81.25% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,463.43 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,793 kg <br /> 3,793 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,158.58 |
Remarks
Likely military
