Aradus, silver, tetrobols (241-109 BCE): Difference between revisions
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
|Image=S 50 - Aradus, silver, tetrobol, 241-109 BC.jpg | |||
|Image reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/aradus.duyrat.2005.1455-1557 | |||
|Obverse description=Head of Zeus right | |||
|Reverse legend=Monogram of the city | |Reverse legend=Monogram of the city | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
|Reverse description=Athena standing on prow l.; monogram above | |||
|Mint=Aradus | |Mint=Aradus | ||
|Date from=241 | |Ancient region=Phoenicia | ||
|Date to=109 | |Date from=241 BCE | ||
|Date to=109 BCE | |||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetrobol | |Denomination=tetrobol | ||
|Median weight=2 | |Median weight=2.50 | ||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=50 | |RQEM reference number=50 | ||
|Die study reference=Duyrat 2005, p. 46-48, n° 1455-1557 (series II) | |||
|Coin series reference=HGC 10, n° 64 | |||
|Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/aradus.duyrat.2005.1455-1557 | |||
|Number of obverse dies=18 | |Number of obverse dies=18 | ||
|Number of singletons=3 | |Number of singletons=3 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=30 | |||
|Number of coins=103 | |||
|Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | |||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
|Die name= | |Die name=6,8,9 | ||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=2 | |||
|Number of dies=4 | |||
|Die name=3,4,7,15 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=3 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=12 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=4 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=13 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=5 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=11 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=6 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=18 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=7 | |||
|Number of dies=3 | |||
|Die name=1,7,16 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=9 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=2 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=13 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=10 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=15 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=5 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Item | |||
|Frequency=16 | |||
|Number of dies=1 | |||
|Die name=17 | |||
}} | |||
{{Distribution Reverse Item | |||
|Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30 | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:15, 28 June 2023
241 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 977 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Monogram of the city (Greek).Athena standing on prow l., monogram above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 241 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 109 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrobol
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S 50 - Aradus, silver, tetrobol, 241-109 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p. 46-48, n° 1455-1557 (series II) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 102HGC 10, n° 64 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 16.67 | 3 | 2.91 | 6, 8, 9 |
| 2 | 4 | 22.22 | 8 | 7.77 | 3, 4, 7, 15 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.56 | 3 | 2.91 | 12 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 3.88 | 13 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 4.85 | 11 |
| 6 | 1 | 5.56 | 6 | 5.83 | 18 |
| 7 | 3 | 16.67 | 21 | 20.39 | 1, 7, 16 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.56 | 9 | 8.74 | 2 |
| 13 | 1 | 5.56 | 13 | 12.62 | 10 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.56 | 15 | 14.56 | 5 |
| 16 | 1 | 5.56 | 16 | 15.53 | 17 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.04 | 103 of 103 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 30 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 103 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.72 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.43 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.53 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 390,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 21.81 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00026 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,547.88 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 977 kg <br /> 977 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 26,369.69 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
