Byzantium, silver, hemidrachms (411-387/6 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7725

411 BCE - 386 BCE Silver 80,735 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	ΠY (Greek).
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Byzantium

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Thrace

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

411 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

386 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

2.45

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

hemidrachm

StandardStandard.:

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	E. Schönert-Geiss1E. Schönert-Geiss, Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil 1: Autonome Zeit, Berlin, 1970, n° 236-590.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	263	85.11	263	73.26	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 253, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309
2	43	13.92	86	23.96	4, 7, 12, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 35, 41, 46, 52, 54, 64, 68, 70, 83, 88, 92, 107, 131, 155, 158, 161, 176, 187, 209, 218, 221, 235, 241, 245, 252, 254, 256, 259, 262, 272, 302
3	2	0.65	6	1.67	36, 265
4	1	0.32	4	1.11	149
Total	309 of 309	100	359 of 359	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	309	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	263
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	348	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	359
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.16	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.03
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.13	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	85.11 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	1681.97	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	33,639,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	2218.62	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00001
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	26.74%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	426.88
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	82,417 kg <br /> 80,735 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	1,067.2

Remarks