Himera, silver, drachms (530-482 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7932

530 - 482 Silver 13,563 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Himera

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Sicily

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

530

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

482

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic ^{until 480 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:	Silver	DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:	drachma	StandardStandard.:
Mode weightMode of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams).:	5,7-9<ul><li>No units of measurement were declared for this property.</li> <!--br--><li>",7-9" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.</li></ul>

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	C. M. Kraay1C. M. Kraay, The archaic Coinage of Himera, Centro Internazionale di Studi Numismatici 1, Naples, 1983.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	37	48.68	37	22.98	2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 46, 48, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67
2	19	25	38	23.6	3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 23, 35, 39, 40, 43, 44, 47, 53, 58, 59, 60, 70, 73, 75
3	6	7.89	18	11.18	4, 20, 42, 49, 51, 77
4	8	10.53	32	19.88	10, 41, 45, 50, 68, 69, 71, 76
5	2	2.63	10	6.21	16, 36
6	3	3.95	18	11.18	1, 63, 72
8	1	1.32	8	4.97	14
Total	76 of 76	100	161 of 161	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	76	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	37
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	65	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	161
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.12	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	2.48
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	0.86	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	48.68 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	117.94	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	2,358,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	143.95	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00007
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	77.02%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	2,730.2
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	0 kg <br /> 13,563 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	6,825.5

Remarks

References

^ C. M. Kraay