Sidon (`Abd`aštart), bronze (bearded head/galley) (365-352 BCE)
From SILVER
365 BCE - 352 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head right, wearing ornate tiara |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Phoenician pentakonter left, date above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sidon | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire, `Abd`aštart (king of Sidon, 365-352 BCE) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 365 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 352 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1899 Sidon 32th shekels IV.2.7.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Elayi - Elayi 20041Elayi - Elayi 2004, p. 221-227, n° 1466-1500 (Group IV.2.7) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 6 | 50 | 6 | 25 | 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
| 2 | 2 | 16.67 | 4 | 16.67 | 2, 7 |
| 3 | 2 | 16.67 | 6 | 25 | 1, 8 |
| 4 | 2 | 16.67 | 8 | 33.33 | 5, 6 |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 100.01 | 24 of 24 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 18 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 24 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.33 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.48 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 389,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 24 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 75% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,464.07 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,160.16 |
Remarks
