Velia, silver, didrachms (350-310 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7721

350 - 310 Silver 4,082 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Athena right, left or three-quarter left, wearing helmet.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	YEΛHTEΩN (Greek).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Velia

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Lucania

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

350

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

310

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:	Silver	DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:	didrachm	StandardStandard.:
Mode weightMode of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams).:	7,5-9<ul><li>No units of measurement were declared for this property.</li> <!--br--><li>",5-9" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.</li></ul>

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	R. T. Williams1R. T. Williams, The Silver Coinage of Velia, RNS Spec. Publ. 25, Londres, 1992, groupe VI: variétés 297-384 (D165-D192 et R228-R268).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
2	1	3.57	2	0.28	177
4	1	3.57	4	0.56	169
6	1	3.57	6	0.84	168
10	1	3.57	10	1.4	182
11	2	7.14	22	3.09	166, 192
17	2	7.14	34	4.78	187, 188
19	4	14.29	76	10.67	176, 178, 180, 183
20	1	3.57	20	2.81	189
22	2	7.14	44	6.18	167, 179
25	1	3.57	25	3.51	170
26	1	3.57	26	3.65	185
28	1	3.57	28	3.93	181
29	2	7.14	58	8.15	173, 186
30	1	3.57	30	4.21	191
31	1	3.57	31	4.35	184
38	1	3.57	38	5.34	165
39	2	7.14	78	10.96	171, 174
42	1	3.57	42	5.9	190
47	1	3.57	47	6.6	172
91	1	3.57	91	12.78	175
Total	28 of 28	99.97	712 of 712	99.99

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	28	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	41	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	712
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	25.43	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	17.37
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.46	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	%
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	27.03	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	540,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	29.15	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00132
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	52,682.2
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	0 kg <br /> 4,082 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	131,705.51

Remarks