Velia, silver, didrachms (400-365 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7522

400 - 365 Silver 2,973 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Several types: 1) Lion walking right, 2) Head of nymph right, 3) Head of Athena left, wearing Corinthian helmet.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	YEΛHTEΩN (Greek).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Velia

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Lucania

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

400

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

365

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:	Silver	DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:	didrachm	StandardStandard.:
Mode weightMode of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams).:	7,5-69<ul><li>No units of measurement were declared for this property.</li> <!--br--><li>",5-69" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.</li></ul>

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	R. T. Williams1R. T. Williams, The Silver Coinage of Velia, RNS Spec. Publ. 25, Londres, 1992, Groupe II: variétés 209-250 (D129-D148 et R162-R196)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	1	5	1	0.27	143
4	1	5	4	1.1	147
5	2	10	10	2.75	146, 148
6	1	5	6	1.65	144
9	1	5	9	2.47	137
10	1	5	10	2.75	140
13	1	5	13	3.57	142
14	1	5	14	3.85	131
16	1	5	16	4.4	139
17	2	10	34	9.34	136, 141
19	1	5	19	5.22	135
21	1	5	21	5.77	145
23	1	5	23	6.32	133
25	1	5	25	6.87	130
30	1	5	30	8.24	134
31	1	5	31	8.52	132
45	1	5	45	12.36	129
53	1	5	53	14.56	138
Total	20 of 20	100	364 of 364	100.01

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	20	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	1
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	35	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	364
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	18.2	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	10.4
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.75	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	5 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	19.56	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	391,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	21.16	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00093
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	99.73%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	37,218.81
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	0 kg <br /> 2,973 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	93,047.03

Remarks