AC 46 - Gela, silver, tetradrachms (465-450 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=AC 46 - Gela, silver, tetradrachm, 465-450 BC.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2031870&AucID=4840&Lot=302 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Charioteer, holding reins in his right hand and kentron in his left, driving slow quadriga to right; in background, column with Ionic capital set on plinth of two steps. | ||
|Reverse legend=CEΛAΣ | |Reverse legend=CEΛAΣ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Forepart of man-headed bull right | ||
|Mint=Gela | |Mint=Gela | ||
− | |Date from=465 | + | |Ancient region=Sicily |
− | |Date to=450 | + | |Date from=465 BCE |
+ | |Date to=450 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=17.25 |
|RQEM reference=RQMAC | |RQEM reference=RQMAC | ||
|RQEM reference number=46 | |RQEM reference number=46 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=G. K. Jenkins, The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, Berlin, 1970, p. 220-228, n° 203-214 (groupe III). | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 789-790; HGC 2, n° 339 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=14 | |Number of obverse dies=14 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
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|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
|Die name=52 | |Die name=52 | ||
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{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item |
Revision as of 12:06, 12 November 2022
465 BCE - 450 BCE Silver 4,861 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Charioteer, holding reins in his right hand and kentron in his left, driving slow quadriga to right, in background, column with Ionic capital set on plinth of two steps. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | CEΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart of man-headed bull right |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 465 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 450 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.25 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | G. K. Jenkins1 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2 , HGC 23 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 7.14 | 1 | 0.64 | 53 |
4 | 3 | 21.43 | 12 | 7.64 | 55, 59, 63 |
7 | 1 | 7.14 | 7 | 4.46 | 54 |
8 | 1 | 7.14 | 8 | 5.1 | 52 |
11 | 1 | 7.14 | 11 | 7.01 | 64 |
12 | 1 | 7.14 | 12 | 7.64 | 65 |
14 | 1 | 7.14 | 14 | 8.92 | 58 |
16 | 1 | 7.14 | 16 | 10.19 | 62 |
17 | 2 | 14.29 | 34 | 21.66 | 56, 6 |
20 | 1 | 7.14 | 20 | 12.74 | 57 |
22 | 1 | 7.14 | 22 | 14.01 | 61 |
Total | 14 of 14 | 99.98 | 157 of 157 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 21 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 157 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 11.21 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.48 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 7.14 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 14.09 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 281,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 15.37 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00056 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.36% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 22,285.31 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,861 kg <br /> 4,861 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 55,713.27 |
Remarks
References
- ^ G. K. Jenkins
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.