S 4 - Syracuse (Gelon), silver, 8 litrai (218-214 BCE)
From SILVER
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S 4 - Syracuse, silver, didrachm, 218-214 BC.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1763074&AucID=4052&Lot=51 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Diademed head of Gelon left | ||
|Reverse legend=ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΙ ΓΕΛΩΝΟΣ | |Reverse legend=ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΙ ΓΕΛΩΝΟΣ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Nike in trotting biga right; BA above, Φ before | ||
|Mint=Syracuse | |Mint=Syracuse | ||
+ | |Ancient region=Sicily | ||
|Authority=Gelon II of Syracuse (king of Syracuse, c. 240-216 BC) | |Authority=Gelon II of Syracuse (king of Syracuse, c. 240-216 BC) | ||
− | |Date from=218 | + | |Date from=218 BCE |
− | |Date to=214 | + | |Date to=214 BCE |
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
− | |Denomination=didrachm | + | |Denomination=didrachm; 8 litrai |
− | | | + | |Median weight=6.70 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=4 | |RQEM reference number=4 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 1997, p. 189-200, no. 239-284. | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=HGC 2, n° 1561 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=32 | |Number of obverse dies=32 | ||
|Number of singletons=8 | |Number of singletons=8 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=38 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=237 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=8 | |Number of dies=8 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=3(D1:E),7(D1:E),16(D1:E),18(D1:E),20(D1:E),1(D1:ΣM?),4(D2:A-AΦ),2(D2:Φ-MI) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=5 | |Number of dies=5 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2(D1:E,),6(D1:E),11(D1:E),12(D1:E),1(D2:EY) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1(D1:E),2(D1:Σ),1(D2:A-AΦ),3(D2:A-AΦ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=5 | |Number of dies=5 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=1(D1:E),8(D1:E),10(D1:E),15(D1:E),1(D2:H-Σ) |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name=D2 (D2- | + | |Die name=2(D2:A-AΦ) |
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=5(D1:E),13(D1:E),1(D1: Σ) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=14(D1:E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=19(D1:E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=21 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=17(D:E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=34 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=5(D2:A-AΦ) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=35 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=9(D1: E) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=48 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=1(D2:Φ-MI) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R2 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R3 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R4 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R5 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R6 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R7 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R8 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R9 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R10 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R11 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R12 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R13 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R14 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R15 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R16 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R17 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R18 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R19 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R20 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R21 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R22 (D1-off.E,K,KI),R1 (D1-off.Σ),R2 (D1-off.Σ),R1 (D1-off.ΣM?),R1 (D2-off.H-Σ),R1 (D2-off.EY),R1 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R2 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R3 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R4 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R5 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R6 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R7 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R8 (D2-off.A-AΦ),R1 (D2-off.Φ-MI),R2 (D2-off.Φ-MI),R3 (D2-off.Φ-MI) | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 11:04, 26 November 2022
218 BCE - 214 BCE Silver 4,489 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Gelon left |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΙ ΓΕΛΩΝΟΣ (Greek).Nike in trotting biga right, BA above, Φ before |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Gelon II of Syracuse (king of Syracuse, c. 240-216 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 218 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 214 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm ![]() ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/0/00/S_4_-_Syracuse%2C_silver%2C_didrachm%2C_218-214_BC.jpg)
S 4 - Syracuse, silver, didrachm, 218-214 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 19971Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 1997, p. 189-200, no. 239-284. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 22HGC 2, n° 1561 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 8 | 25 | 8 | 3.38 | 3(D1:E), 7(D1:E), 16(D1:E), 18(D1:E), 20(D1:E), 1(D1:ΣM?), 4(D2:A-AΦ), 2(D2:Φ-MI) |
2 | 5 | 15.63 | 10 | 4.22 | 2(D1:E, ), 6(D1:E), 11(D1:E), 12(D1:E), 1(D2:EY) |
3 | 4 | 12.5 | 12 | 5.06 | 1(D1:E), 2(D1:Σ), 1(D2:A-AΦ), 3(D2:A-AΦ) |
4 | 5 | 15.63 | 20 | 8.44 | 1(D1:E), 8(D1:E), 10(D1:E), 15(D1:E), 1(D2:H-Σ) |
6 | 1 | 3.13 | 6 | 2.53 | 2(D2:A-AΦ) |
7 | 3 | 9.38 | 21 | 8.86 | 5(D1:E), 13(D1:E), 1(D1: Σ) |
8 | 1 | 3.13 | 8 | 3.38 | 14(D1:E) |
14 | 1 | 3.13 | 14 | 5.91 | 19(D1:E) |
21 | 1 | 3.13 | 21 | 8.86 | 17(D:E) |
34 | 1 | 3.13 | 34 | 14.35 | 5(D2:A-AΦ) |
35 | 1 | 3.13 | 35 | 14.77 | 9(D1: E) |
48 | 1 | 3.13 | 48 | 20.25 | 1(D2:Φ-MI) |
Total | 32 of 32 | 100.05 | 237 of 237 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 32 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 38 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 237 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.41 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.24 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.19 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 33.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 670,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 37 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00035 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.62% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 14,149.25 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,489 kg <br /> 4,489 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 35,373.13 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria - Carroccio, Benedetto - Oteri, Emilia (1997), Siracusa ellenistica. Le monete ‘regali’ di Ierone II, della sua famiglia e dei Siracusani, Messina, 1997, 255 p., liii pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.