H 25 - Messana, bronze, litrae (338-275 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H 25 - Messana, bronze, litrae (338-275 BCE).jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=1007979&AucID=1959&Lot=113 | ||
|Obverse legend=ΠΟΣΕΙΔΑΝ | |Obverse legend=ΠΟΣΕΙΔΑΝ | ||
|Obverse legend language=Greek | |Obverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Laureate head of Poseidon to left; behind, dolphin | ||
|Reverse legend=MEΣΣΑΝΙΩΝ | |Reverse legend=MEΣΣΑΝΙΩΝ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
− | |Mint= | + | |Reverse description=Ornate trident head; dolphins downward at sides |
− | |Date from=338 | + | |Mint=Messana |
− | |Date to=275 | + | |Ancient region=Sicily |
+ | |Date from=338 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=275 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical and Hellenistic | |Period=Classical and Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Bronze | |Metal=Bronze | ||
|Denomination=litra | |Denomination=litra | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=15.25 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=25 | |RQEM reference number=25 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 709-750 and 757-781 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 1135; RQEMH, n° 25 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=39 | |Number of obverse dies=39 | ||
|Number of singletons=13 | |Number of singletons=13 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=65 | |Number of reverse dies=65 | ||
|Number of coins=137 | |Number of coins=137 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=13 | |Number of dies=13 | ||
+ | |Die name=5,11,27,29,31,32,33,34,36,37,38,41,44 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=5 | |Number of dies=5 | ||
+ | |Die name=4,18,40,42,43 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=13,16,25,26,30,35 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=7,10,19,39 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=8,12 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=5 | ||
+ | |Die name=1,3,9,14,17 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=28 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=15 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=2 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=6 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 15:51, 25 January 2023
338 BCE - 275 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΠΟΣΕΙΔΑΝ (Greek).Laureate head of Poseidon to left, behind, dolphin |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MEΣΣΑΝΙΩΝ (Greek).Ornate trident head, dolphins downward at sides |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Messana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 338 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 275 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.25 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | litra ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/3/39/H_25_-_Messana%2C_bronze%2C_litrae_%28338-275_BCE%29.jpg)
H 25 - Messana, bronze, litrae (338-275 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Caccamo Caltabiano 19931Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 709-750 and 757-781 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 1135, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 25 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 13 | 33.33 | 13 | 9.49 | 5, 11, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44 |
2 | 5 | 12.82 | 10 | 7.3 | 4, 18, 40, 42, 43 |
3 | 6 | 15.38 | 18 | 13.14 | 13, 16, 25, 26, 30, 35 |
4 | 4 | 10.26 | 16 | 11.68 | 7, 10, 19, 39 |
5 | 2 | 5.13 | 10 | 7.3 | 8, 12 |
6 | 5 | 12.82 | 30 | 21.9 | 1, 3, 9, 14, 17 |
8 | 1 | 2.56 | 8 | 5.84 | 28 |
9 | 1 | 2.56 | 9 | 6.57 | 15 |
11 | 1 | 2.56 | 11 | 8.03 | 2 |
12 | 1 | 2.56 | 12 | 8.76 | 6 |
Total | 39 of 39 | 99.98 | 137 of 137 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 13 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 65 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 137 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.51 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.11 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 47.04 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 940,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 54.52 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 90.51% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,824.83 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,562.07 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.