RQEM ad. 288 - Cos (Caria), tetradrachm, c. 355-35 BC
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|Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name (et symbol ou une lettre). All within (incuse) square with square of dots. | |Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name (et symbol ou une lettre). All within (incuse) square with square of dots. | ||
|Mint=Cos | |Mint=Cos | ||
− | |Date from=355 | + | |Ancient region=Caria (islands) |
− | |Date to=335 | + | |Date from=355 BCE |
+ | |Date to=335 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
− | |Metal= | + | |Metal=Silver |
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=15.20 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=288 | |RQEM reference number=288 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 230-236 (series VI) | ||
|Number of obverse dies=20 | |Number of obverse dies=20 | ||
|Number of singletons=6 | |Number of singletons=6 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=48 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=108 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
|Die name=O3,O6,O7,O18 | |Die name=O3,O6,O7,O18 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
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|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
|Die name=O1,O4,O5,O10,O15,O16 | |Die name=O1,O4,O5,O10,O15,O16 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O13 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O20 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=32 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O17 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 21:26, 29 January 2023
355 BCE - 335 BCE Silver 6,661 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles left or right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name (et symbol ou une lettre). All within (incuse) square with square of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 355 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 335 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/7/7a/RQEM_ad_288.png)
RQEM_ad_288.png "Paris, BnF, M 4483 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, M 4483 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8523192c)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 230-236 (series VI) | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 6 | 30 | 6 | 5.56 | O1, O4, O5, O10, O15, O16 |
2 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 3.7 | O2, O11 |
3 | 4 | 20 | 12 | 11.11 | O3, O6, O7, O18 |
4 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 7.41 | O9, O12 |
5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4.63 | O19 |
8 | 2 | 10 | 16 | 14.81 | O8, O14 |
12 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 11.11 | O13 |
13 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 12.04 | O20 |
32 | 1 | 5 | 32 | 29.63 | O17 |
Total | 20 of 20 | 100 | 108 of 108 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 20 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 48 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 108 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.4 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.25 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 30 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 21.91 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 438,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 24.55 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00025 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.44% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,858.51 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,661 kg <br /> 6,661 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 24,646.28 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.