RQEM ad. 293 - Cos (Caria), hemidrachm, c. 280-210 BC
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|Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. | |Reverse description=Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. | ||
|Mint=Cos | |Mint=Cos | ||
− | |Date from=280 | + | |Ancient region=Caria (islands) |
− | |Date to=210 | + | |Date from=280 BCE |
+ | |Date to=210 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
− | |Metal= | + | |Metal=Silver |
|Denomination=hemidrachm | |Denomination=hemidrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=1.50 |
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=293 | |RQEM reference number=293 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 264-277 (series XIII) | ||
|Number of obverse dies=39 | |Number of obverse dies=39 | ||
|Number of singletons=9 | |Number of singletons=9 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=83 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=261 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=18 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=18 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=25 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=25 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
Line 72: | Line 73: | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
|Die name=O16,O31 | |Die name=O16,O31 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=O12,O24,O28 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=O1,O4,O8,O14,O15,O18,O20,O36,O39 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O25 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O22 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=O1,O4,O8,O14,O15,O18,O20,O36,O39 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=O2,O5,O11,O13,O19,O23,O29,O32,O38 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=O1,O4,O8,O14,O15,O18,O20,O36,O39 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=2 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=O2,O5,O11,O13,O19,O23,O29,O32,O38 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=O12,O24,O28 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O25 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O21 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O6 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=7 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O26 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O27 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=9 | ||
+ | |Die name=O1,O4,O8,O14,O15,O18,O20,O36,O39 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=10 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O7,O34 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=O16,O31 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O9 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O22 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=14 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=O17,O30,O35 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=17 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O10 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=20 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O33 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=22 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O3 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=O27 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73,R74,R75,R76,R77,R78,R79,R80,R81,R82,R83 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 21:31, 29 January 2023
280 BCE - 210 BCE Silver 1,241 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (ΚΩΙΟΝ) (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 280 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 210 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ingvaldsen 20021 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 9 | 23.08 | 9 | 3.45 | O1, O4, O8, O14, O15, O18, O20, O36, O39 |
2 | 9 | 23.08 | 18 | 6.9 | O2, O5, O11, O13, O19, O23, O29, O32, O38 |
3 | 3 | 7.69 | 9 | 3.45 | O12, O24, O28 |
4 | 1 | 2.56 | 4 | 1.53 | O25 |
5 | 1 | 2.56 | 5 | 1.92 | O21 |
6 | 1 | 2.56 | 6 | 2.3 | O6 |
7 | 1 | 2.56 | 7 | 2.68 | O26 |
8 | 1 | 2.56 | 8 | 3.07 | O27 |
9 | 1 | 2.56 | 9 | 3.45 | O37 |
9 | 1 | 2.56 | 9 | 3.45 | O27 |
10 | 2 | 5.13 | 20 | 7.66 | O7, O34 |
11 | 2 | 5.13 | 22 | 8.43 | O16, O31 |
12 | 1 | 2.56 | 12 | 4.6 | O9 |
13 | 1 | 2.56 | 13 | 4.98 | O22 |
14 | 3 | 7.69 | 42 | 16.09 | O17, O30, O35 |
17 | 1 | 2.56 | 17 | 6.51 | O10 |
20 | 1 | 2.56 | 20 | 7.66 | O33 |
22 | 1 | 2.56 | 22 | 8.43 | O3 |
Total | 40 of 39 | 102.52 | 252 of 261 | 96.56 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 83 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 261 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.69 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.14 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 23.08 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 41.36 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 827,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 45.85 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00032 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.55% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 12,620.89 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,241 kg <br /> 1,241 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 31,552.22 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.