S 1377 - Ecbatana (Gotarzes II), silver, drachms (40-51 CE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S1377 Ecbatana Gotarzes II.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2085428&AucID=4963&Lot=5280 | ||
|Obverse description=Bust of the king left, wearing earring and diadem. Border of dots. | |Obverse description=Bust of the king left, wearing earring and diadem. Border of dots. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΤΑΒΑΝΟΣ ΓΟΤΕΡΣΗΣ | |Reverse legend=ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΤΑΒΑΝΟΣ ΓΟΤΕΡΣΗΣ | ||
Line 5: | Line 7: | ||
|Reverse description=King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. | |Reverse description=King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. | ||
|Mint=Ecbatana | |Mint=Ecbatana | ||
− | |Authority=Gotarzes II (king of | + | |Ancient region=Media |
− | |Date from=40 | + | |Authority=Gotarzes II (king of Parthia, 40-51 CE); Parthian Empire |
− | |Date to=51 | + | |Date from=40 CE |
+ | |Date to=51 CE | ||
|Period=Roman | |Period=Roman | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=drachm | |Denomination=drachm | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=3.70 |
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=1377 | |RQEM reference number=1377 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Boillet 2009, p. 609-634, n° 4259-4476 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sellwood 1980, n° 65.33 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=29 | |Number of obverse dies=29 | ||
|Number of singletons=12 | |Number of singletons=12 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=73 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=214 | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=4 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=4 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=4 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=4 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=12 | |Number of dies=12 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=12,14,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,26,29 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=11,15,19,27 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=28 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=7 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=5,8 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=10 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=25 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=8 | |Frequency=8 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=13 |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=11 | |Frequency=11 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=9 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=15 | |Frequency=15 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=3 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=17 | |Frequency=17 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=4 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=23 | |Frequency=23 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=6 |
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=29 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=2 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=61 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
+ | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18,R19,R20,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26,R27,R28,R29,R30,R31,R32,R33,R34,R35,R36,R37,R38,R39,R40,R41,R42,R43,R44,R45,R46,R47,R48,R49,R50,R51,R52,R53,R54,R55,R56,R57,R58,R59,R60,R61,R62,R63,R64,R65,R66,R67,R68,R69,R70,R71,R72,R73 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 19:00, 8 February 2023
40 CE - 51 CE Silver 2,247 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king left, wearing earring and diadem. Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΤΑΒΑΝΟΣ ΓΟΤΕΡΣΗΣ (Greek).King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Gotarzes II (king of Parthia, 40-51 CE), Parthian Empire |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 40 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 51 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachm | StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/3/39/S1377_Ecbatana_Gotarzes_II.jpg)
S1377 Ecbatana Gotarzes II.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boillet 20091Boillet 2009, p. 609-634, n° 4259-4476 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sellwood 19802Sellwood 1980, n° 65.33 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 12 | 41.38 | 12 | 5.61 | 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29 |
2 | 4 | 13.79 | 8 | 3.74 | 11, 15, 19, 27 |
3 | 1 | 3.45 | 3 | 1.4 | 28 |
4 | 1 | 3.45 | 4 | 1.87 | 7 |
5 | 2 | 6.9 | 10 | 4.67 | 5, 8 |
6 | 1 | 3.45 | 6 | 2.8 | 10 |
7 | 1 | 3.45 | 7 | 3.27 | 25 |
8 | 1 | 3.45 | 8 | 3.74 | 13 |
11 | 1 | 3.45 | 11 | 5.14 | 9 |
15 | 1 | 3.45 | 15 | 7.01 | 3 |
17 | 1 | 3.45 | 17 | 7.94 | 4 |
23 | 1 | 3.45 | 23 | 10.75 | 6 |
29 | 1 | 3.45 | 29 | 13.55 | 2 |
61 | 1 | 3.45 | 61 | 28.5 | 1 |
Total | 29 of 29 | 100.02 | 214 of 214 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 29 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 12 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 73 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 214 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.38 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.93 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.52 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 41.38 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 30.37 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 607,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 33.55 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00035 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.39% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 14,092.85 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,247 kg <br /> 2,247 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 35,232.14 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
- ^ Sellwood, David (1980), An introduction to the coinage of Parthia, 2nd ed., London, Spink & Son, 322 p., 10 pl.