RQEM ad. 443 - Messene (Achaean League), silver, triobols or hemidrachms (150-40 BCE)
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|Reverse description=Several types: 1) Laurel wreath (issue α) ; 2) Tripod with laurel wreath (or olive wreath or ring). In the field or in exergue, letters or name (issues β-μ). | |Reverse description=Several types: 1) Laurel wreath (issue α) ; 2) Tripod with laurel wreath (or olive wreath or ring). In the field or in exergue, letters or name (issues β-μ). | ||
|Mint=Messene | |Mint=Messene | ||
− | |Date from=150 | + | |Ancient region=Peloponnesus |
− | |Date to=40 | + | |Authority=Achaean League |
+ | |Date from=150 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=40 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
− | |Metal= | + | |Metal=Silver |
− | |Denomination=triobol | + | |Denomination=triobol; hemidrachm |
− | | | + | |Median weight=2.30 |
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|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=443 | |RQEM reference number=443 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Grandjean 2003, series X | ||
|Number of obverse dies=80 | |Number of obverse dies=80 | ||
|Number of singletons=42 | |Number of singletons=42 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=107 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=184 | ||
+ | |Remarks=The series is divided in 12 issues. Metrology boards, p. 150. | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=2 | ||
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|Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=2 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency | + | |Frequency=1 |
− | + | |Number of dies=42 | |
− | + | |Die name=65,66,68,69,70,71,72,81,82,83,85,86,87,88,90,93,95,96,97,99,100,101,102,104,105,106,107,111,113,116,117,118,121,122,123,128,130,131,133,134,135,136 | |
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− | |Number of dies= | ||
− | |Die name= | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=18 | |Number of dies=18 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=58,63,67,80,84,89,92,94,98,103,110,114,115,119,120,124,129,132 |
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}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=60,78,108,112 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=4 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=8 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=57,59,61,62,64,73,76,77 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=2 | |Number of dies=2 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=91,109 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=6 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=2 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=126,127 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=7 |
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=125 |
}} | }} | ||
− | {{Distribution | + | {{Distribution Item |
− | |Die name= | + | |Frequency=9 |
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=74 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=11 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=1 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=79 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
− | |Frequency= | + | |Frequency=13 |
− | |Number of dies= | + | |Number of dies=1 |
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=75 |
}} | }} | ||
− | {{Distribution Item | + | {{Distribution Reverse Item |
− | + | |Die name=R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113,R114,R115,R116,R117,R118,R119,R120,R121,R122,R123,R124,R125,R126,R127,R128,R129,R130,R131,R132,R133,R134,R135,R136,R137,R138,R139,R140,R141,R142,R143,R144,R145,R146,R147,R148,R149,R150,R151,R152,R153,R154,R155,R156,R157,R158,R159,R160,R161,R162,R163,R164,R165,R166,R167,R168,R169,R170,R171,R172,R173,R174,R175,R176,R177,R178,R179,R180,R181,R182,R183,R184,R185 | |
− | |||
− | |Die name= | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{Distribution Item | + | {{Distribution Reverse Item |
− | + | |Die name=R79,R80,R81,R82,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,R88,R89,R90,R91,R92,R93,R94,R95,R96,R97,R98,R99,R100,R101,R102,R103,R104,R105,R106,R107,R108,R109,R110,R111,R112,R113,R114,R115,R116,R117,R118,R119,R120,R121,R122,R123,R124,R125,R126,R127,R128,R129,R130,R131,R132,R133,R134,R135,R136,R137,R138,R139,R140,R141,R142,R143,R144,R145,R146,R147,R148,R149,R150,R151,R152,R153,R154,R155,R156,R157,R158,R159,R160,R161,R162,R163,R164,R165,R166,R167,R168,R169,R170,R171,R172,R173,R174,R175,R176,R177,R178,R179,R180,R181,R182,R183,R184,R185 | |
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− | |Die name= | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 08:49, 17 February 2023
150 BCE - 40 BCE Silver 5,394 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Several types: 1) Head of Zeus left or right, wearing laurel wreath. (In field, globule). Border of dots (issues α-λ), 2) Head of Artemis (?) right, wearing stephane. Border of dots (issue μ). |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MEΣ (Greek).Several types: 1) Laurel wreath (issue α), 2) Tripod with laurel wreath (or olive wreath or ring). In the field or in exergue, letters or name (issues β-μ). |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Messene | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Peloponnesus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Achaean League |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 150 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 40 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | triobol ![]() ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/7/7e/RQEM_ad_443.png)
RQEM_ad_443.png "Paris, BnF, 1966.453.2247 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, 1966.453.2247 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8501190c)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Grandjean 20031Grandjean 2003, series X | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 42 | 52.5 | 42 | 22.83 | 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111, 113, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136 |
2 | 18 | 22.5 | 36 | 19.57 | 58, 63, 67, 80, 84, 89, 92, 94, 98, 103, 110, 114, 115, 119, 120, 124, 129, 132 |
3 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 6.52 | 60, 78, 108, 112 |
4 | 8 | 10 | 32 | 17.39 | 57, 59, 61, 62, 64, 73, 76, 77 |
5 | 2 | 2.5 | 10 | 5.43 | 91, 109 |
6 | 2 | 2.5 | 12 | 6.52 | 126, 127 |
7 | 1 | 1.25 | 7 | 3.8 | 125 |
9 | 1 | 1.25 | 9 | 4.89 | 74 |
11 | 1 | 1.25 | 11 | 5.98 | 79 |
13 | 1 | 1.25 | 13 | 7.07 | 75 |
Total | 80 of 80 | 100 | 184 of 184 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 80 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 42 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 107 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 184 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.3 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.72 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.34 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 52.5 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 117.26 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,345,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 141.54 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00008 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 77.17% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,138.33 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 5,394 kg <br /> 5,394 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 7,845.81 |
Remarks
The series is divided in 12 issues. Metrology boards, p. 150.
References
- ^ C. Grandjean, Les Messéniens de 370/369 au 1er siècle de notre ère. Monnayages et histoire, Athens, 2003