S 595 - Hierapytna (Lucullus), silver, tetradrachms (87-86 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S1739 Hierapytna Lucullus.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=84223&AucID=90&Lot=611 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Head of Athena right, wearing triple-crested Attic helmet | ||
|Reverse legend=IEPAΠY | |Reverse legend=IEPAΠY | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Owl standing right, head facing, on amphora; to right; eagle standing right | ||
|Mint=Hierapytna | |Mint=Hierapytna | ||
− | |Date from=86 | + | |Ancient region=Crete |
− | |Date to=83 | + | |Authority=Lucullus; Roman Republic |
+ | |Date from=86 BCE | ||
+ | |Date to=83 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=15.90 |
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=595 | |RQEM reference number=595 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Le Rider 1968; Stefanaki 2005, no. 313-325. | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear I, n° 306; RQEMH, n° 193 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=4 | |Number of obverse dies=4 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
+ | |Number of reverse dies=7 | ||
+ | |Number of coins=13 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
|Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified obverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
|Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | |Number of unidentified reverse dies=0 | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=4 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=2 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name= | + | |Die name=3 |
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | |Die name | + | |Die name=1 |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Reverse Item | {{Distribution Reverse Item | ||
|Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7 | |Die name=R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 14:38, 14 April 2023
86 BCE - 83 BCE Silver 1,571 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right, wearing triple-crested Attic helmet |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | IEPAΠY (Greek).Owl standing right, head facing, on amphora, to right, eagle standing right |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Hierapytna | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Crete | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Lucullus, Roman Republic |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 86 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 83 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/d/d0/S1739_Hierapytna_Lucullus.jpg)
S1739 Hierapytna Lucullus.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Le Rider 19681Le Rider 1968, Stefanaki 20052Stefanaki 2005, no. 313-325. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I3Sear I, n° 306, RQEMH4RQEMH, n° 193 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 7.69 | 4 |
3 | 1 | 25 | 3 | 23.08 | 2 |
4 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 30.77 | 3 |
5 | 1 | 25 | 5 | 38.46 | 1 |
Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 13 of 13 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 13 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.25 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.86 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.94 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 98,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 5.78 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.31% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,263.16 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,571 kg <br /> 1,571 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 13,157.89 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Le Rider, Georges (1968), "Un groupe de monnaies crétoises à types athéniens", in Humanisme actif. Mélanges d'art et de littérature offerts à Julien Cain, Paris, p. 313-335, pl. 1-4.
- ^ Stefanaki 2005
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.