S 751 - Cydonia, silver, obols (431-404 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
− | |Obverse description= | + | |Obverse description=Amphora |
+ | |Reverse description=Incuse square | ||
|Mint=Cydonia | |Mint=Cydonia | ||
− | |Date from=431 | + | |Ancient region=Crete |
− | |Date to=404 | + | |Date from=431 BCE |
+ | |Date to=404 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=obol | |Denomination=obol | ||
− | | | + | |Median weight=1.00 |
− | |||
− | |||
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=751 | |RQEM reference number=751 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Stefanakis 1997, p. 51-53, n° 85-87 and 97 (Period I, Group 3, Types G, H) | ||
+ | |Coin series web reference=https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/cydnonia_stefanakis_1997_78-87 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=4 | |Number of obverse dies=4 | ||
|Number of singletons=3 | |Number of singletons=3 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=4 | |Number of reverse dies=4 | ||
|Number of coins=5 | |Number of coins=5 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item |
Latest revision as of 08:17, 16 April 2023
431 BCE - 404 BCE Silver 312 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Amphora |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cydonia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Crete | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 431 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 404 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | obol | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Stefanakis 19971 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 3 | 75 | 3 | 60 | |
2 | 1 | 25 | 2 | 40 | |
Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 5 of 5 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 4 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 5 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.25 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.25 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 75 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 15.6 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 312,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 40% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 641.03 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 312 kg <br /> 312 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,602.56 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Stefanakis, Manolis. I (1997), Studies in the coinages of Crete with particular reference to Kydonia [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], London University.