H 214 - Sardis (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (330-297 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H214 Sardis tetradrachm.jpeg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=2588013 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. | |Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. | ||
|Reverse legend=AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ | |Reverse legend=AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, holding eagle and sceptre; TI before, ivy-leaf beneath throne. | ||
|Mint=Sardis | |Mint=Sardis | ||
+ | |Ancient region=Lydia | ||
|Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | ||
− | |Date from=330 | + | |Date from=330 BCE |
− | |Date to=297 | + | |Date to=297 BCE |
|Period=Classical and Hellenistic | |Period=Classical and Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=17.10 |
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=214 | |RQEM reference number=214 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Thompson 1983 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=RQEMH, n° 214 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=48 | |Number of obverse dies=48 | ||
|Number of singletons=15 | |Number of singletons=15 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=132 | |Number of reverse dies=132 | ||
|Number of coins=172 | |Number of coins=172 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=1 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=15 | ||
+ | |Die name=38,53,233,240,241,306,309,310,362,363,364,370,373,378,395 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=8 | |Number of dies=8 | ||
+ | |Die name=46,235,236,307,376,390,392,396 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=3 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=7 | ||
+ | |Die name=237,238,308,366,385,407,412 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=4 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=231,234,365,377,383,397 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=5 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=367,381 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=6 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=379,380,382,384 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=8 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=239,305 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=410 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=386,391 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=13 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=369 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 23:00, 30 April 2023
330 BCE - 297 BCE Silver 19,689 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, holding eagle and sceptre, TI before, ivy-leaf beneath throne. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 330 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 297 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/7/76/H214_Sardis_tetradrachm.jpeg)
H214 Sardis tetradrachm.jpeg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Thompson 19831Thompson 1983 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RQEMH2RQEMH, n° 214 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 15 | 31.25 | 15 | 8.72 | 38, 53, 233, 240, 241, 306, 309, 310, 362, 363, 364, 370, 373, 378, 395 |
2 | 8 | 16.67 | 16 | 9.3 | 46, 235, 236, 307, 376, 390, 392, 396 |
3 | 7 | 14.58 | 21 | 12.21 | 237, 238, 308, 366, 385, 407, 412 |
4 | 6 | 12.5 | 24 | 13.95 | 231, 234, 365, 377, 383, 397 |
5 | 2 | 4.17 | 10 | 5.81 | 367, 381 |
6 | 4 | 8.33 | 24 | 13.95 | 379, 380, 382, 384 |
8 | 2 | 4.17 | 16 | 9.3 | 239, 305 |
9 | 1 | 2.08 | 9 | 5.23 | 410 |
12 | 2 | 4.17 | 24 | 13.95 | 386, 391 |
13 | 1 | 2.08 | 13 | 7.56 | 369 |
Total | 48 of 48 | 100 | 172 of 172 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 48 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 15 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 132 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 172 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.58 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.3 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 31.25 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 57.57 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,151,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 66.58 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 91.28% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,975.33 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 19,689 kg <br /> 19,689 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,938.34 |
Remarks