Pergamum (Alexander the Great), gold, staters (335-330 BCE)
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{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=S281 Pergamum staters.jpg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://pro.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2107317&AucID=5023&Lot=110 | ||
|Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. | |Obverse description=Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Facing Palladium, wearing calathus on head and holding lance in upraised r. hand and shield on l. arm; in lower l. field, helmet | ||
|Mint=Pergamum | |Mint=Pergamum | ||
− | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) | + | |Ancient region=Mysia |
− | |Date from=335 | + | |Authority=Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
− | |Date to=330 | + | |Date from=335 BCE |
+ | |Date to=330 BCE | ||
|Period=Classical | |Period=Classical | ||
|Metal=Gold | |Metal=Gold | ||
|Denomination=stater | |Denomination=stater | ||
− | |Median weight=8 | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | + | |Median weight=8.60 | |
|RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | |RQEM reference=RQEM ad. | ||
|RQEM reference number=281 | |RQEM reference number=281 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Callataÿ 2012b | ||
|Number of obverse dies=5 | |Number of obverse dies=5 | ||
|Number of singletons=3 | |Number of singletons=3 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=7 | |Number of reverse dies=7 | ||
|Number of coins=27 | |Number of coins=27 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=3,4,5 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
− | + | |Die name=1 | |
− | |||
− | | | ||
− | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=21 | |Frequency=21 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=2 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 08:09, 1 May 2023
335 BCE - 330 BCE Gold 9,426 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Facing Palladium, wearing calathus on head and holding lance in upraised r. hand and shield on l. arm, in lower l. field, helmet |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pergamum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mysia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 335 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 330 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/7/74/S281_Pergamum_staters.jpg)
S281 Pergamum staters.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Callataÿ 2012b1Callataÿ 2012b | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 3 | 60 | 3 | 11.11 | 3, 4, 5 |
3 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 11.11 | 1 |
21 | 1 | 20 | 21 | 77.78 | 2 |
Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 27 of 27 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 27 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.4 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.86 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 60 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 5.48 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 109,600 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6.14 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00025 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.89% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,854.01 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,426 kg <br /> 9,426 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 24,635.04 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2012), “Les statères de Pergame et les réquisitions d’Alexandre le Grand (‘Abydos’, Kios et Rhodes) : l’apport d’un nouveau trésor (‘Pergame 2004’),” Revue numismatique, 169, p. 179-196.