Pergamum (Eumenes I), silver, tetradrachms (263-241 BCE)
From SILVER
(Distribution7) |
m (Callatay moved page H 208 - Pergamum (Eumenes I), silver, tetradrachms (263-241 BCE) to Pergamum (Eumenes I), silver, tetradrachms (263-241 BCE)) |
||
(9 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Die Study | {{Die Study | ||
+ | |Image=H208 Pergamon Athena.jpeg | ||
+ | |Image reference=https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=10655505 | ||
+ | |Obverse description=Diademed head of Philetairos to right. | ||
|Reverse legend=ΦΙΛΕΤΑΙPΟY | |Reverse legend=ΦΙΛΕΤΑΙPΟY | ||
|Reverse legend language=Greek | |Reverse legend language=Greek | ||
+ | |Reverse description=Athena seated left, holding a shield adorned with a gorgoneion with her right hand and with her left a spear held downwards over her left shoulder, resting her left elbow on a sphinx; to left, below her arm, ivy leaf; on the throne, A; to right, bow. | ||
|Mint=Pergamum | |Mint=Pergamum | ||
− | |Authority=Eumenes I of Pergamum (Attalid king, 263-241 BC) | + | |Ancient region=Mysia |
− | |Date from=263 | + | |Authority=Attalid Kingdom; Eumenes I of Pergamum (Attalid king, 263-241 BC) |
− | |Date to=241 | + | |Date from=263 BCE |
+ | |Date to=241 BCE | ||
|Period=Hellenistic | |Period=Hellenistic | ||
|Metal=Silver | |Metal=Silver | ||
|Denomination=tetradrachm | |Denomination=tetradrachm | ||
− | | | + | |Standard=Attic |
− | | | + | |Median weight=17.10 |
|RQEM reference=RQEMH | |RQEM reference=RQEMH | ||
|RQEM reference number=208 | |RQEM reference number=208 | ||
+ | |Die study reference=Westermark 1960 | ||
+ | |Coin series reference=Sear II, n° 7217-7218; RQEMH, n° 208 | ||
|Number of obverse dies=29 | |Number of obverse dies=29 | ||
|Number of singletons=1 | |Number of singletons=1 | ||
|Number of reverse dies=103 | |Number of reverse dies=103 | ||
|Number of coins=137 | |Number of coins=137 | ||
+ | |Workstation=Most likely one single workstation | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=1 | |Frequency=1 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=26 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=2 | |Frequency=2 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=6,8,10,15,23,29 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=3 | |Frequency=3 | ||
|Number of dies=6 | |Number of dies=6 | ||
+ | |Die name=4,5,16,17,20,21 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=4 | |Frequency=4 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=12,14,27,28 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=5 | |Frequency=5 | ||
|Number of dies=3 | |Number of dies=3 | ||
+ | |Die name=2,11,22 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=6 | |Frequency=6 | ||
|Number of dies=4 | |Number of dies=4 | ||
+ | |Die name=1,3,7,18 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Distribution Item | {{Distribution Item | ||
|Frequency=7 | |Frequency=7 | ||
|Number of dies=1 | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=19 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=9 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=25 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=11 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=1 | ||
+ | |Die name=13 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{Distribution Item | ||
+ | |Frequency=12 | ||
+ | |Number of dies=2 | ||
+ | |Die name=9,24 | ||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 08:11, 1 May 2023
263 BCE - 241 BCE Silver 11,136 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Philetairos to right. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦΙΛΕΤΑΙPΟY (Greek).Athena seated left, holding a shield adorned with a gorgoneion with her right hand and with her left a spear held downwards over her left shoulder, resting her left elbow on a sphinx, to left, below her arm, ivy leaf, on the throne, A, to right, bow. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pergamum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mysia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Attalid Kingdom, Eumenes I of Pergamum (Attalid king, 263-241 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 263 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 241 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
![](/w/img_auth.php/0/09/H208_Pergamon_Athena.jpeg)
H208 Pergamon Athena.jpeg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Westermark 19601Westermark 1960 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 7217-7218, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 208 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 3.45 | 1 | 0.73 | 26 |
2 | 6 | 20.69 | 12 | 8.76 | 6, 8, 10, 15, 23, 29 |
3 | 6 | 20.69 | 18 | 13.14 | 4, 5, 16, 17, 20, 21 |
4 | 4 | 13.79 | 16 | 11.68 | 12, 14, 27, 28 |
5 | 3 | 10.34 | 15 | 10.95 | 2, 11, 22 |
6 | 4 | 13.79 | 24 | 17.52 | 1, 3, 7, 18 |
7 | 1 | 3.45 | 7 | 5.11 | 19 |
9 | 1 | 3.45 | 9 | 6.57 | 25 |
11 | 1 | 3.45 | 11 | 8.03 | 13 |
12 | 2 | 6.9 | 24 | 17.52 | 9, 24 |
Total | 29 of 29 | 100 | 137 of 137 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 29 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 103 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 137 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.72 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.33 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.55 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 3.45 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 32.56 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 651,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 36.79 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00021 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.27% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,415.23 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 11,136 kg <br /> 11,136 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,038.08 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (1960), Das Bildnis des Philetairos von Pergamon. Corpus der Münzprägung, Stockholm.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.